STUDY OF AN ENZYME ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN RATS IN CASE OF TOBACCO SMOKE COMBINED WITH PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE IN THE SEX AND AGE ASPECTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2018.v0.i3.9584Keywords:
tobacco smoke, monosodium glutamate, antioxidant systemAbstract
Introduction. The widespread prevalence of tobacco smoking is a global problem of humanity, the solution of which is directed at the efforts of many scientists and professionals. At the same time, the distinctive feature of modern food technologies is the use of nutritional supplements. One of the most common nutritional supplements in Ukraine and in Europe is glutamate sodium (E621), which is not always safe for human health.
The aim of the study – to investigate the state of the enzyme level of the antioxidant system in rats during “passive tobacco smoking” on the basis of prolonged administration of monosodium glutamate in the sex and age aspects.
Research Methods. The study was conducted on 96 white, non-linear, sexually mature and sexually immature rats of both sexes. Each group of animals was divided into four subgroups: I – control; ІІ – rats, which were modeled “passive tobacco smoking”; ІІІ – rats, which were given monosodium glutamate; IV – rats, which were modeled “passive tobacco smoking” against the background of the introduction of monosodium glutamate.
Results and Discussion. Excessive formation of products of free radical oxidation under the condition of isolated effect of tobacco smoke causes the extinction of the antioxidant potential of blood and lung tissues, which is manifested by a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes hemolysates by 28.8 % vs the control group, and in the supernatant of the lung homogenate – by 53.1 % (p<0.001) respectively. “Passive tobacco smoking” against the background of monosodium glutamate application is accompanied by a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity (by 41.0 % (p<0.001)) relative to the control group, which is by 17.1 % (p<0.02) below this index in case of the isolated effect of tobacco smoke in erythrocytes hemolysates and 58.7 % in the supernatant of lung homogenate, which is 12.0 % (p<0.02) below this index, provided that the tobacco smoke is isolated. Unidirectional changes were observed with catalase activity.
Conclusions. In case of exposure to tobacco smoke, extinction of the antioxidant potential (reduction of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity) in the blood and lung tissue is observed, which is more pronounced in the case of “passive tobacco smoking” combined with monosodium glutamate application. In the sexual aspect, the indices of antioxidant protection in the context of “passive tobacco smoking” against the use of monosodium glutamate are more pronounced in females, and with the age-old comparison of changes in the activity of these enzymes established their more intense decline in immature rats.
References
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2012). Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
Zeiher, J. (2018). Smoking behaviour among children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study and trends. Journal of Health Monitoring, 3 (1), 38-44.
Reitsma, M.B. (2017). Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet, 389 (10082), 1885-1906.
WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic (2017). Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. WHO, Geneva. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/fctc/mediacentre/press-release/wntd-2017/en/.
(2017). Hlobalne opytuvannia doroslykh shchodo vzhyvannia tiutiunu – GATS [Global adult tobacco survey – GATS]. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Beltyukova, S.V. & Malinka, E.V. (2016). Opredeleniye glutamata natriya metodom tonkosloynoy khromatografii s lyuminestsentnim detektirovaniyem [Determination of sodium glutamate by thin layer chromatography with luminescent detection]. Visnyk Odeskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Khimiia – Bulletin of Odesa National University. Chemistry, 21, 1 (57) [in Russian].
Goncharenko, M.V., Tyurina, D.A., Alshevskaya, M.N. & Shenderyuk, V.I. (2011). Vliyaniye glutamata natriya na razvitiye mikroflory i biokhimicheskiye svoystva solenoy seldi [Effect of sodium glutamate on the development of microflora and the biochemical properties of salted herring]. Vestnik AGTU – Bulletin of the State Technical University, 2, 143-147 [in Russian].
Kovalenko, V.M. (2014). Molekuliarno-henetychni osoblyvosti funktsionuvannia paraoksonazy ta yii znachennia v rozvytku sertsevo-sudynnoi patolohii [Molecular-genetic features of the functioning of paraoxonase and its importance in the development of cardiovascular pathology]. Ukrainskyi kardiolohichnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Cardiology Journal, 5, 105-116 [in Ukrainian].
Solomina, A.S. (2011). Vliyanie afobazola na geneticheskuyu i reproduktivnuyu toksichnost tabachnogo dyma u krys [The effect of afobazole on the genetic and reproductive toxicity of tobacco smoke in rats]. Candidate’s thesis. Moscow: V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology of the RAMS [in Russian].
Lizurchik, L.V. & Sheyda, E.V. (2014). Vliyanie tabachnogo dyma na soderzhaniye toksichnykh elementov v organizme krys [Effect of tobacco smoke on the content of toxic elements in the body of rats]. Vestnik OGU – Journal of the Orenburg State University, 6 (167), 71-74 [in Russian].
Falaleyeva, T.M., Samonina, G.E., Beregovaya, T.V., Dzyubenko, N.V. & Andreyeva, L.A. (2010). Vliyanie gliprolinov na strukturno-funktsionalnoye sostoyanie slizistoy obolochki zheludka i massy tela krys v usloviyakh dlitelnogo vvedeniya glutamata natriya [The effect of glyprolines on the structural and functional state of the gastric mucosa and the body weight of rats under conditions of prolonged administration of sodium glutamate]. Fizyka zhyvoho – Journal of the Physics of the Living, 18 (1), 154-159 [in Russian].
Council of Europe (1986). European convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. Strasbourg.
Chevari, S. (1985). Rol superoksiddismutazy v okislitelnykh protsessakh kletki i metod opredeleniya ee v biologicheskom materiale [The role of superoxide dismutase in the oxidative processes of the cell and the method of its determination in biological material]. Lab. delo. – Laboratory Business, 11, 678-681 [in Russian].
Dudin, V.I. (2008). Kolorimetricheskoye opredeleniye perekisi vodoroda pri izmerenii aktivnosti katalazy v krovi [Colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide in the measurement of catalase activity in the blood]. Problemy biologii produktivnykh zhivotnykh – The Problems of the Biology of Productive Animals, 2, 96-99 [in Russian].
Dotsenko, O.I. (2010). Aktivnost superoksiddismutazy i katalazy v eritrotsitakh i nekotorykh tkanyakh myshey v usloviyakh nizkochastotnoy vibratsii [The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in erythrocytes and some tissues of mice under conditions of low-frequency vibration]. Fizika zhivogo – Physics of the Living, 18, (1), 107-113 [in Russian].
Krynytska, I.Ya. (2012). Rol aktyvnykh form kysniu u rozvytku hepatopulmonalnoho syndromu v eksperymenti [The role of active forms of oxygen in the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome in the experiment]. Zdobutky klinichnoi i eksperymentalnoi medytsyny – Achievements of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1, 72-76 [in Ukrainian].
Chen, Y. (2011). Evaluation of gender-related differences in various oxidative stress enzymes in mice. Chinese J. Physiol., 54, 385-390.
Borras, C. (2003). Mitochondria from females exhibit higher antioxidant gene expression and lower oxidative damage than males. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 34, 546-552.
Vina, J. (2005). Why females live longer than males? Importance of the upregulation of longevity-associated genes by oestrogenic compounds. FEBS Lett, 579, 2541-2545.
Gomez-Perez, Y. (2011). Sex-dependent effects of high-fat-diet feeding on rat pancreas oxidative stress. Pancreas, 40, 682-628.
Yanbaeva, D.G. (2007). Systemic effects of smoking. Chest, 131(5), 1557-1566.
Sharma, А. (2015). Monosodium glutamate-induced oxidative kidney damage and possible mechanisms: a mini-review. Journal of Biomedical Science, 22, 93.
Siniscalco, D. (2012). The expression of caspases is enhanced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of autism spectrum disorder patient. J. Autism Dev. Disord., 42, 1403-1410.
Kurnianingsih, N. (2016). Monosodium glutamate exposure at early developmental stage increases apoptosis and stereotypic behavior risks on zebrafish (danio rerio) larvae. Indonesian J. Pharm, 27 (3), 128-138.
Li, P.F. (1993). Oxidative modification of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase by hydrogen peroxide and ascorbate-Fe (III). Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 29, 5, 929-937.
