IL-10/IL-33 RATIO IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC CEREBROVASCULAR EVENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2026.i1.15935Keywords:
ischemic stroke; transient ischemic attack; interleukin-10; interleukin-33.Abstract
Introduction. Recent studies indicate that a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain lesions is played not only by the hypoxic-ischemic component but also by activation of immunoinflammatory processes. Cytokines serve as mediators between neuronal injury and the systemic inflammatory response. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is known as a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine that limits secondary brain tissue damage. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) can act as a trigger of the acute inflammatory response, enhancing immune cell infiltration and modifying the course of ischemic injury. Studying changes in IL-10 and IL-33 levels and their ratio in patients with IS and TIA will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response and help identify potential prognostic markers. Objective. The objective of this study was to analyze changes in blood levels of IL-10 and IL-33, and their ratio, in patients with TIA and ischemic stroke on the first day after onset. Materials and methods. Twenty-six patients with TIA (mean age 49 ± 5.8 years) and 58 patients with IS (mean age 54.5 ± 6.7 years) were examined. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-33 were measured and their ratio calculated on the first day after onset. Results and discussion. No significant difference was found in the levels of IL-10 and IL-33 in the blood of patients with TIA and IS on the first day after onset. However, the IL-10/IL-33 ratio in the TIA group was statistically significantly higher than in the IS group, indicating differences in the balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory immune response mechanisms. Conclusions. A significantly higher IL-10/IL-33 ratio in TIA compared to IS reflects a more pronounced anti- inflammatory immune shift and more effective inflammation control, which may underlie a milder clinical course. These data support the use of the IL-10/IL-33 ratio as a sensitive marker of immune-inflammatory balance and a potential prognostic indicator in acute ischemic cerebrovascular events.
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Accepted 2026-03-09
Published 2026-04-28
