THE STATE OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE BODY OF WHITE RATS UNDER THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE CONSUMPTION OF DRINKING WATER WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM IONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2024.i3.14927Keywords:
environmental contamination, drinking water, heavy metals, sodium chloride, cadmium chloride, rats, antioxidant system, lipid peroxidationAbstract
Introduction. One of the biggest problems today is changes in the chemical composition of natural and drinking waters. The development of severe intoxications among the population is associated with the use of water contaminated with sodium compounds and heavy metals, in particular cadmium. It is known that under the influence of various adverse factors in the living organism, oxidative processes increase sharply, the intensity of which can be reduced only by the antioxidant protection system.
The aim of the study – to investigate the activity of peroxidation of lipids and antioxidant enzymes in the body of white rats under the influence of cadmium against the background of drinking water with different concentrations of sodium ions.
Research Methods. The study was carried out on 30 white outbred rats, divided into 4 research groups (n=6) and a control group (n=6), which consumed drinking water from a city water supply. Animals of the 1st and 3rd group received water with a sodium chloride content of 20.0 mg/dm3, the 2nd and 4th group with a sodium chloride content of 200.0 mg/dm3. 30 days after the start of the experiment, rats of the 3rd and 4th groups were intragastrically injected with cadmium chloride at a dose of 1/20 of the LD50. The content of indicators of lipid peroxidation and the activity of certain antioxidant enzymes in the blood serum of rats were determined.
Results and Discussion. A significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in prooxidant enzymes was noted in the body of white rats only when white rats consumed drinking water with a sodium ion content of 200.0 mg/dm3. However, intragastric administration of cadmium chloride against the background of white rats drinking water with sodium ions at both 20.0 and 200.0 mg/dm3 promotes a further increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase by 1.45 and 2 times (p<0.05), catalase by 2.6 (p<0.05) and 6.8 times (p<0.05), ceruloplasmin by 61.8% (p<0.05) and 82.8% (p<0.05), respectively, and a decrease in content of new conjugates and TBC-active products of LPO.
Conclusions. Intragastric administration of cadmium chloride against the background of consumption by white rats of water with sodium ions at a concentration of 20.0 and 200.0 mg/dm3 caused an increase in the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes against the background of a decrease in the level of indicators of lipid peroxidation. The intensity of the negative impact of cadmium depends on the concentration of sodium in drinking water. With long-term consumption of such drinking water, it can be expected that the established changes may lead to the development of other pathological processes in the body of consumers.
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