CYTOKINE PROFILE CHANGES DYNAMIC IN ANIMALS AFFLICTED BY HEAVY METAL AND PHOSPHOORGANIC PESTICIDES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2020.v.i2.11360Keywords:
immunity, immunoglobulins, interleukins, glyphosate, Lead acetate, Copper sulfateAbstract
Introduction. Exposure to various environmental pollutants, such as heavy metals and phospororganic compounds is known to induce different changes in human body, characterized by a release of cytokines, formation of reactive oxygen species, and to explain various immunological and inflammation processes. They can induce, or inhibit the synthesis of the inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines. At present, the combined effect of heavy metals and phosphoorganic pesticides on the immune system remain insufficiently studied.
Research Methods. The experiment was carried out on lab nonlinear white rats – males three age periods: puberty, mature and old aging animals.The rats receiving the lead acetate, copper sulfate, glyphosate (in herbicide Roundup) in combined and peptide as correction agent. Subhronic lesions in rats was modelled by intragastric administration of water solution of Lead Acetate at a dose of 11 mg/kg, Copper Sulfate at a dose of 13 mg/kg, Glyphosate at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Dehlorinated drinking tap water to intact animals was added. The immune system state was assessed by the level of immunoglobulin’s IgA, IgG, IgM, circulating immune complexes and cytokines оn the blood serum rats.
Results and Discussion. It was found that change of the immunoglobulins and interleukins ratio and the content of circulating immune complexes increases in the blood serum by the combined effect of lead acetate, copper sulfate and glyphosate (in Roundup form herbicide) water solutions in animals. The effect of these xenobiotics alone and in combination administration was analyzed. It was established that the content of circulating immune complexes was increased and concentration of immunoglobulins was decreased and the humoral part of the immune system was suppressed in blood serum of different age rats with glyphosate (in Roundup form herbicide), lead acetate, copper sulfate. Results of the present study showed that the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α increased and the content of IL-4, IL-10 reduced in the blood serum of rats of all age groups. The balance of cytokines was a violation with a predominance of pro-inflammatory, involved in the inflammatory process, which can cause functional and structural damage to cell membranes and the accumulation of toxic metabolites in rats with toxicose by the action of copper sulfate, lead acetate and organophosphorus pesticide.
Conclusion. The influence of lead acetate, copper sulfate and roundup on inflammatory processes is multidirectional and led to the suppression of the immune system of animals.
References
Tsygankov, V.G., Latushko, T.V., & Barkovskiy, E.V. (2001). Izmenenie sinteza RNK pod vliyaniem ionov svintsa v immunokompetentnykh kletkakh [The influence of lead ions on the change of synthesis RNA in immunocompetent cells]. Zdorovye i okruzh. sreda: sb. nauch. tr. – Health and Environment: A Collection of Scien. Works. Minsk [in Russian].
(2007). ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s). CERCLA Priority List of Most Hazardous Substances. Retrieved from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla.
(2005). The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations; No. 2748. Retrieved from: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/2748/pdfs/uksi_20052748_en.pdf.
(2009). The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Amendment) Regulations; No. 581. Retrieved from: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/581/pdfs/uksi_20090581_en.pdf.
Dietert, R.R., & Piepenbrink, M.S. (2006) Lead and immune function. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 36, 359-385.
Hedayati, A., & Safahieh, A. (2012) Serum hormone and biochemical activity as biomarkers of mercury toxicity in the yellowfin seabream Acanthopagruslatus. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 28, 306-319. DOI: 10.1177/ 0748233711410916.
Cotton Simon. (2005) Soundbite molecules. Education in Chemistry, 42 (2), 34. Retrieved from: http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues.
Makhinko, V. I., & Nikitin, V. N. (1975). Konstanty rosta i funktsionalnyie periody razvitiya v postnatalnoy zhizni belykh krys [Growth constants and functional development periods in the postnatal life of white rats]. Molekulyarnye i fiziologicheskie mekhanizmy vozrastnogo razvitiia –Molecular and physiological mechanisms of age development. Kyiv [in Russian].
Zakon Ukrainy “Pro zakhyst tvaryn vid zhorstokoho povodzhennia” vid 21.02.2006 r., No 3447 [The Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of animals from ill-treatment" of 02.21. 006, No. 3447]. [in Ukrainian].
Kozhemiakin, Yu.M., Khromova, O.S., & Filonenko, M.A. (2002). Naukovo-praktychni rekomendatsii z utrymannia laboratornykh tvaryn ta robota z nymy [Scientific and practical recommendations for the maintenance of laboratory animals and work with them]. Kyiv: Avitsena [in Ukrainian]
(1986). European convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes Council of Europe. Strasbourg.
Kishkun, A.A. (2009). Immunologicheskie issledovaniya i metody diagnostiki infektsionnykh zabolevaniy v klinicheskoy praktike [Immunological studies and methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases in clinical practice]. Moscow: MIA [in Russian].
Bernard Rosner. (2010). Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Boston, USA.
Scheller, J, Chalaris, A, & Schmidt Arras, D. (2011). The pro- and antiinflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin 6. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). Molecular. Cell Research, 1831 (5), 878-888.
Ramella, M., Boccafoschi, F., Bellofatto, K., Md, A.F., Fusaro, L., Boldorini, R.,Casella, F., Porta, C., Settembrini, P., & Cannas, M. (2017) Endothelial MMP-9 drives the inflammatory response in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Am. J. Transl. Res., 9, 5485-5495.
