ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND THE STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN THE ODESA REGION DURING 2006–2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2018.v0.i2.8636Keywords:
bronchial asthma, prevalence, incidence, air pollutants, atmospheric air.Abstract
The aim of our study was to analyze the prevalence and incidence of bronchial asthma among adults in the Odesa region during 2006–2016 and assess the epidemiological situation by the ratio to the anthropogenic air pollutants by the main industrial pollutants.
Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the reporting documentation of the Department of Health of the Odesa Regional State Administration on the prevalence of bronchial asthma among the adult population of the Odesa region during the period from 2006 to 2016 was conducted. The data of the annual reports of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine on the state of the environment since 2010 to 2016 were analyzed and the analysis of industrial loads of atmospheric air by the main anthropogenic pollutants in the Odesa region during this period was implemented. The levels of the prevalence and incidence of bronchial asthma were correlated with the dynamics of the volumes of anthropogenic air pollution.
Results. The prevalence and incidence of bronchial asthma among the adult population significantly exceeded the average for Ukraine during our study. At the same time, exceeding the permissible concentrations of a number of specific man-made pollutants were observed, which could have a negative effect on the state of the respiratory system and contribute to the development of bronchial asthma.
Among the most dangerous air pollutants cannot but mention such harmful substances as formaldehyde, phenol, carbon black and sulfuretted hydrogen, the concentrations of which in the Odesa region for many years exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. This is confirmed by the fact that the prevalence and incidence of bronchial asthma is higher in the cities of the region where important industrial facilities are concentrated than in rural areas. Incidence of bronchial asthma were correlated with the dynamics of the volumes of atmospheric air pollution. Thus, the increase in emissions of anthropogenic pollutants coincided with the increase in the incidence of bronchial asthma in the region.
Conclusions. There is a clear correlation between the dynamics of the incidence of bronchial asthma and the level of anthropogenic air loads by the main industrial pollutants, since the peaks of pollution and incidence coincide in time.
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