CHARACTERISTICS OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN LUNG VESSELS IN THE CONDITIONS OF ACUTE SMALL INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION WITH ITS SUBSEQUENT RESTORATION IN THE EXPERIMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i4.15771Keywords:
intestinal obstruction, reperfusion, arteries, veins, plethora, spasm, edemaAbstract
SUMMARY. Acute small intestine obstruction remains one of the most severe pathologies of the abdominal organs, accompanied by the development of endogenous intoxication, impaired systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, hypoxia and multiple organ failure. Morphofunctional changes in the pulmonary vessels deserve special attention, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of respiratory failure in conditions of intestinal obstruction. The study of changes in the structural reorganization of the pulmonary microcirculatory bed after restoration of the passage of intestinal contents in the experiment is of great importance for understanding the mechanisms of vascular wall damage, the development of pathogenetically justified methods of prevention and correction of pulmonary complications in acute intestinal obstruction.
The aim – to establish the nature and dynamics of morphometric changes in pulmonary and bronchial vessels and to clarify their interaction under conditions of experimental modeling of acute small intestinal obstruction.
Material and Methods. The experiments were conducted on 42 outbred white laboratory male rats. Acute intestinal obstruction was simulated by ligation of the small intestine with a silk ligature 5 cm above the place of its confluence with the cecum. Restoration of the digestive tract patency was performed 48 hours after the start of the experiment. Morphometric studies included calculating the external and internal diameters of intra-organ vessels, as well as determining the functional activity index of the arterial walls – the Wogenworth index.
Results. During experiments on rats, it was found that with the development of acute small intestinal obstruction, the pulmonary artery reacts with a compensatory increase in vascular wall tone and narrowing of the lumen, which is the body’s response to the hypovolemic state characteristic of this pathology. At the same time, bronchial arteries demonstrate an increase in permeability, which may indicate their participation in compensatory mechanisms for maintaining pulmonary circulation. After the passage of intestinal contents is restored, previously detected disorders tend to deepen. Dilated bronchial arteries show a tendency to spasm, which is probably due to similar mechanisms of vascular wall damage in both bronchial and pulmonary arteries. This may be a consequence of the combined action of hemodynamic imbalance and hypoxic-toxic effects that are formed during acute intestinal obstruction.
Conclusions. Acute small intestine obstruction causes significant changes in the pulmonary vascular bed. The nature and severity of these changes depend on the duration of the pathological process and are manifested by the gradual decrease in the permeability of the vessels due to thickening of their walls and narrowing of the lumen.
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