THE INFLUENCE OF GENERAL DEHYDRATION ON THE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAIN OF WHITE LABORATORY RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i2.15309Keywords:
dehydration, brain, arteries, ischemia, necrosisAbstract
SUMMARY. Water is essential for a variety of physiological processes in any living organism. Dehydration can directly affect the structure.
The aim – to establish the features of the structural reorganization of the brain of white rats under different degrees of general dehydration.
Material and Methods. Experiments were conducted on 32 white rats. General dehydration was modeled by feeding dry oats without access to water for 3, 6 and 10 days (general dehydration of mild, moderate and severe degree). For histological examination, pieces of rat cerebral hemispheres were taken and fixed in 10 % neutral formalin solution, as well as in 96° alcohol. Paraffin sections with a thickness of 5–8 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue according to Nissl, and also according to Weigert and Van Gieson.
Results. Mild and even moderate dehydration do not significantly affect the structural organization of the rat brain. Individual capillary stasis with moderate dehydration may be transient and do not significantly affect the functional capacity of the brain. The absence of photo-optical changes in this case is the result of compensatory reorganization of blood circulation due to its centralization. In severe general dehydration, a noticeable structural reorganization occurred both in the bloodstream and in the brain tissue itself. The arterial department was characterized by the detection of local narrowing and expansion of the lumens of the vessels, which alternated with each other as a result of different tones of their smooth muscle membranes. Venous vessels looked full-blooded. Their expanded lumen was often densely filled with clusters of erythrocytes. The result of such vascular changes was the detection of individual foci of destructive damage to the brain tissue in the form of detrital foci with karyolysis and homogenization of cellular elements, which were surrounded by an inflammatory lymphocytic-leukocyte corona with a perifocal edematous zone.
Conclusions. General dehydration of mild and moderate degree does not significantly affect the structural organization of the rat brain. General dehydration of severe degree leads to disorders of cerebral blood circulation, which can structurally manifest focal changes characteristic of ischemic stroke.
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