VARIABILITY OF IMMUNOLOGICAL INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE DYSENTERIA

Abstract

In the structure of infectious morbidity intestinal infections occupy the second place after respiratory diseases. For several reasons, shigellosis (dysentery) occupies a leading position among them. According to various sources, among etiologically verified diarrhea, it ranges from 28 to 75 %. One of the effective and reliable indicators of confirmation of diagnosis in dysentery is an immunological examination to detect changes in the cellular level of immunity and specific antibodies.

The aim of our research was to study and analyze the changes in cellular and humoral immunity that occur in patients with dysentery.

Material and Methods. Thirty patients with acute shigellosis who were in the infectious ward of City Public Hospital No. 1 were examined. The total number of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes by the reaction of spontaneous rosette formation (EAS-RUL, TE-RUL) was determined. The functional activity of T-lymphocytes was evaluated by the reaction of blast transformation of T-lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin. The IgM, IgA and IgG levels were determined by the Mancini method.

Results and Discussion. In terms of age, the surveyed contingent consisted of patients aged 23–59 years – 21 people (70.0 %), 60 years and older – 9 (30.0 %). Among the examined 30 patients with acute shigellosis, 10 had a mild course, 13 had a moderate severity, and 7 had a severe one. The immunoregulatory index for mild disease caused by S. sonnei varied from 2.12 to 3.18, with moderate – 2.45–4.82, and severe – 1.80–5.25. Indicators of immunoregulatory index in patients with isolated S. fexneri was at a slight degree – 2.03–2.81; at an average of 3.32–3.96; in severe – 2.02–4.07.

Conclusions. Studies of immunological parameters in the acute period of the disease found changes only with moderate and severe dysentery. There were no significant differences in humoral immunity in patients with dysentery depending on age.