PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND RELATED FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH OBESITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2786.2025.3.15645Keywords:
vitamin D; calcidiol; parathyroid hormone; prevalence; physical activity.Abstract
Purpose: to determine the prevalence and specific factors of vitamin D deficiency among adolescents with overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 208 children aged 12–17 years (135 boys and 73 girls) who underwent a complete clinical examination. Serum 25(OH)D levels were evaluated according to the recommendations of the International Society of Endocrinology. The following research methods were applied: epidemiological, anthropometric, biochemical, statistical, and systemic analysis. Results. The study showed that the mean serum calcidiol concentration in adolescents with normal body weight was 18.02 ± 4.03 ng/ml, in overweight individuals – 14.37 ± 3.78 ng/ml, and in those with obesity – 12.32 ± 3.01 ng/ml. Among adolescents with normal body weight, vitamin D insufficiency was found in 30% and deficiency in 50%; in overweight children – insufficiency was 32.9% and deficiency 55.7%; in obese children – insufficiency accounted for 21.4% and deficiency for 72.7%. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 1.5 times higher in overweight girls and 1.6 times higher in obese girls compared to boys. In adolescents, an inverse correlation was established (p < 0.01) between calcidiol levels and parathyroid hormone (r = -0.645), as well as between calcidiol and body mass index (r = -0.395). A direct correlation was observed between parathyroid hormone and body mass index (r = 0.468, p < 0.01). The main predictors influencing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency included the autumn-winter period, milk consumption, duration of daily outdoor exposure, physical activity, and body mass index. Conclusions. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adolescents with overweight and obesity is high, ranging from 55.7% to 72.7%. Serum calcidiol levels are associated with parathyroid hormone concentration and depend on body mass index, physical activity, dietary habits, and season.
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