THE IMPACT OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION ON CONDITION OF VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2786.2024.3.14946Keywords:
coronavirus disease, heart, blood vessels, liver, brainAbstract
Purpose: to investigate the morphological and clinical characteristics of tissue injury in the case of COVID-19 and to analyze the characteristics of the negative impact of SARS-CoV-2 on condition of various human organs and systems.
Materials and Methods. We conducted medical statistical analysis of scientific literature and data from leading scientific organizations and medical communities with histological studies of autopsy material of 4 patients who died from complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitals of the Ternopil region.
Results. It has been proven that the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is often accompanied by multiple organ failure, including injury of blood vessels and peripheral nerves, tissues of the heart, brain, and liver of a dystrophic, inflammatory, and ischemic nature. Our study of histological preparations of tissues of patients who died from coronavirus infection showed structural injury to parenchymal cells and an inflammatory vascular-stromal response, which constitute the morphological basis of a sharp decrease in the contractility of the myocardium. Histological examination and immunohistochemistry revealed signs of endotheliitis in the vessels of the lungs, heart, brain, kidneys, and mesenteric vessels, which is an explanation for microcirculation disorders in the tissues. The main mechanisms of injury to various body systems are the direct cytotoxic effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, excessive response to the virus of the immune system, and iatrogenic drug effects.
Conclusions. Morphological changes in tissues of various internal organs and polysymptomatic clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease are the result of multiorgan inflammation, hypoxia, and systemic inflammatory reaction. This requires special attention for the timely appointment of therapy, as well as the assessment of risk groups that require hospitalization.
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