COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS AND MODELS OF POPULATION IMMUNIZATION MANAGEMENT IN THE WORLD AND IN UKRAINE

Abstract

Purpose: to compare current aspects of immunoprophylaxis programs in the world and in Ukraine.

Materials and Methods. The bibliographic method, the methods of the system approach and system analysis were used in the study of the main international and national normative legal acts on the immunization of the population.

Results. In most countries of the world, national vaccination programs have been developed and are operating at the expense of public investments. The strategic course and political steps in the context of vaccination vary among countries around the world, with different internal processes and outcomes in each of them. They reflect different epidemiology, as well as differences in health care systems, the level of evidence supporting the need for vaccination, the acceptability of vaccines in society and their financing.

In the world, there are different approaches to increase vaccination of the population, measures of a different nature are used, from encouraging those who get vaccinated to punishing those who refuse to get vaccinated. In Australia, where immunization is voluntary and free, the state encourages those who have received timely vaccinations with the opportunity to receive various benefits and assistance that are not available to unvaccinated citizens. In the USA, vaccination is de jure mandatory and the presence of all vaccinations is a necessary condition for admission to educational and educational institutions. In France, preventive vaccinations against certain diseases are mandatory (diphtheria, poliomyelitis, tetanus), and refusal is punishable by a fine or even imprisonment for up to 6 months for people who prevent vaccination, including parents. In Pakistan, arrest is also possible for refusing to be vaccinated against polio.

In Ukraine, immunization with vaccines within the framework of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations is provided to the population free of charge and on a voluntary basis, and refusal of vaccination is provided for.

Conclusions. In different countries, different models of vaccination have developed, which are determined by the extent of coverage by preventive vaccinations, the level of morbidity, and collective immunity. For Ukraine, the issue of revising the norms of the Ukrainian legislation in the field of immunoprophylaxis to ensure the complete coverage of the population with vaccinations and to strengthen the responsibility of citizens for refusals and untimely vaccinations is an urgent issue for Ukraine.