RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2786.2022.3.13440Keywords:
gestational diabetes, risk factors, pregnancy, prevention, meta-analysisAbstract
Purpose: to evaluate the main risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and directions for its prevention.
Materials and Methods. An analysis of scientific sources of information (PubMed electronic database) regarding the medical and social problem of GCD was carried out. Bibliosemantic, analytical research methods were used.
Results. GDM causes short-term and long-term negative health consequences for both women and their children, such as pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, macrosomia, autism, childhood obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and vascular disorders. Epidemiological studies indicate genetic (heavy family history), environmental (exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid), behavioral (high body weight or obesity, smoking) risk factors for the development of HCD. Therefore, the correction of the latter, namely the popularization of the Mediterranean diet in women before and during pregnancy, the use of dosed physical activity contribute to the prevention of GDM. Among all the studies published to date of physical activity interventions with dietary modification for the prevention of GDM, the results of most studies indicate a beneficial effect, but only if the intervention is started early in the first trimester.
Conclusions. GDM not only increases the risk of complications during pregnancy for the mother and fetus, but also significantly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease after pregnancy. That is why it is so important to take measures to correct the above-described risk factors for the development of HCD for adequate prevention of this disease.
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