INFORMATIVE EVALUATIONS OF THE VALUE OF THE O2/CO2 RATIO IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF BREATHING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mie.1996-1960.2023.1-2.13962Keywords:
physiology of respiration О2/СО2 ratio, anatomical dead space, physiological dead space, homeostasis, respiratory coefficient, physiology of breathing, physiology of gas exchange, respiratory mechanicsAbstract
Background. The article, based on the analysis of known facts related to the physiology of human breathing, suggests the existence of a new group of physiological constants related to the estimation of the О2/СО2 ratio during gas exchange. Considering this ratio as an important constant of homeostasis allows us to draw some conclusions that may be of practical importance. The aim of the study. Discussion of the possibility of recognizing the ratio О2/СО2 ~ 1 as a physiological constant of homeostasis of the human body,
Materials and methods. Results. The article consists of three messages. In the first, the facts of the physiology of breathing are given, the meaning and contradictions of the respiratory coefficient and dead space are analyzed, and the necessary provisions of the physiology of breathing are considered. In the second message, the necessary provisions of gas analysis are given, and, finally, in the third, the possibility of extracting new physiological constants is analyzed.
Conclusions. Preliminary conclusions have been drawn on the first report. 1. Between "taking into account (as a null hypothesis)" the fact of the existence of the ratio О2/СО2 ~ 1 and recognizing it as a constant of homeostasis, there is a long distance, on which the conclusions that logically and reasonably follow from the fact of recognizing the existence of a new physiological constant are "located". 2. Consideration of the use of the ratio pO2 ~ pCO2 can provide a new approach to a more complete understanding of the risk of chronic diseases, behavioral strategies to ensure a healthy lifestyle, in particular, understanding in which a person relies on fats, carbohydrates or proteins for energy, and for specialists - an idea about the physiology of gas exchange and the peculiarities of metabolism, which were not previously studied in the epidemiology of chronic diseases.
References
Hsia, C. C. W., Schmitz, A., Lambertz, M., Perry, S. F., Maina, J. N. (2013). Evolution of air breathing: oxygen homeostasis and the transitions from water to land and sky. Compr Physiol., 3 (2), 849-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c120003
Prentice, R. L., Neuhouser, M. L., Tinker, L. F. et al. (2013). An exploratory study of respiratory quotient calibration and association with postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 22 (12), 2374-2383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0511
Molnar, C., Gai, J. (2015). Concepts of Biology. 1st Canadian ed. Vancouver : BCcampus. Ebook ISBN: 978-1-989623-99-2. Available from: https://opentextbc.ca/biology.
McCutcheon, F. N. (1954). Phylogenetic aspects of respiratory function. Evolution, VIII; 3, 181-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1954.tb01449.x
Bohr, C. (1891). Uber die Lungenatmung. Skand Arch Physiol., 2, 236-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1891.tb00581.x
Umeda, A., Ishizaka, M., Ikeda, A., Miyagawa, K. et al. (2021). Recent Insights into the Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Concentrations for Clinical Practice in Respiratory Medicine. Sensors (Basel), 21 (16), 5636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165636
Malley, W. J. (2005). Clinical Blood Gases: Assessment and Intervention. 2nd ed. Philadelphia : Elsevier, Saunders.
Patel, S., Miao, J. H., Yetiskul, E. et al. (2022). Physiology, Carbon Dioxide Retention. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482456/.
Comellini, V., Pacilli, A. M. G., Nava, S. (2019). Benefits of non-invasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Respirology, 24 (4), 308-317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.13469
Kuo, C. D., Shiao, G. M., Lee, J. D. (1993). The effects of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet loads on gas exchange and ventilation in COPD patients and normal subjects. Chest, 104 (1), 189-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.104.1.189
McClave, S. A., Lowen, C. C., Kleber, M. J. et al. (2003). Clinical use of the respiratory quotient obtained from indirect calorimetry. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 27 (1), 21-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014860710302700121
Nishikawa, H., Enomoto, H., Iwata, Y. et al. (2017). Prognostic significance of nonprotein
respiratory quotient in patients with liver cirrhosis. Medicine (Baltimore), 96 (3), e5800. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005800
Berggren, M., Lapierre, J.-F., del Giorgio, P. A. (2012). Magnitude and regulation of bacterioplankton respiratory quotient across freshwater environmental gradients. The ISME Journal, 6 (5), 984-993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.157
Vachon, D., Sadro, S., Bogard, M. et al. (2019). Paired О2/СО2 measurements provide emergent insights into aquatic ecosystem function. Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 5 (4), 287-294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10135
Sinha, P., Flower, O., Soni, N. (2011). Deadspace ventilation: a waste of breath! Intensive Care Med., 37 (5), 735-746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2194-4
Hedenstierna, G., Sandhagen, B. (2006). Assessing dead space. A meaningful variable? Minerva anestesiologica, 72 (6), 521-528.
Doorduin, J., Nollet, J. L., Vugts, M. P., Roesthuis, L. H. et al. (2016). Assessment of dead-space ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational study. Crit Care., 20 (1), 121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1311-8
Robertson, H. T. (2015). Dead space: the physiology of wasted ventilation. Eur Respir J., 45 (6), 1704-1716. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00137614
Nuckton, T. J., Alonso, J. A., Kallet, R. H., Daniel, B. M. et al. (2002). Pulmonary dead-space fraction as a risk factor for death in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med., 346 (17), 1281-1286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012835
Enghoff, H. (1938). Volumen inefficax. Bemerkungen zur Frage des schadlichen Raumes. Uppsala Lakareforen Forhandl, 44, 191-218.
Coppola, S., Froio, S., Marino, A., Brioni, M. et al. (2019). Respiratory Mechanics, Lung Recruitability, and Gas Exchange in Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Med., 47 (6), 792-799. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000003715
Quinn, M., Lucia, K. St., Rizzo, A. (2023). Anatomy, Anatomic Dead Space. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442016/.
Plotnikow, G. A., Accoce, M., Navarro, E., Tiribelli, N. (2018). Humidification and heatingof inhaled gas in patients with artificial airway. A narrative review. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva, 30 (1), 86-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.20180015
Gertler, R. (2021). Respiratory Mechanics. Anesthesiol Clin., 39 (3), 415-440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anclin.2021.04.003
Gattinoni, L., Tonetti, T., Cressoni, M. et al. (2016). Ventilator-related causes of lung injury: the mechanical power. Intensive Care Med., 42 (10), 1567-1575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-016-4505-2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Journal Medical Informatics and Engineering allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without registration
The majority of Medical Informatics and Engineering Open Access journals publish open access articles under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The remaining journals offer a choice of licenses.
This journal is available through Creative Commons (CC) License CC-BY 4.0
