Spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and mechanisms of their transmission from animal to human
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61751/bmbr.2706-6290.2023.2.67Keywords:
bacteria, antimicrobials, antibiotic resistance, medicine, animal husbandry, mobile genetic elements, multiresistanceAbstract
Antimicrobials are essential for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in both humans and
animals. However, the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has become a global problem of the
World Health Organisation. Transmission of antibiotic-resistant macroorganisms from animals to humans is conducted
directly or indirectly through the environment. This spread affects the epidemiology of resistant bacterial infections
in humans. Thus, the purpose of the study was to establish and analyse the methods of distribution and mechanisms
of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms from animal to human, analyse the experience of different
countries in solving problems of antibiotic resistance. Through methods of analysis and systematisation of scientific
research of researchers from different countries of the world, it was established that antimicrobial agents have been
used in agriculture as feed additives and maintain the health and productivity of animals since the middle of the
20th century. Animal products at all stages of food processing also often contain large amounts of antibiotic-resistant
microorganisms. A substantial relationship was established between drugs used in humane and veterinary medicine.
It is noted that difficult socio-economic conditions, limited laboratory facilities, and lack of regulatory authorities in
developing countries also create favourable conditions for the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. As a result, the
treatment of many infectious diseases of people is substantially complicated or becomes impossible. The application
of antibiotics should be accompanied by constant and enhanced monitoring of their spread in the animal–human–
environment chain, a rational prescription in humane, veterinary medicine, and the food industry to minimise the risks
of unjustified use of them
Received: 03.04.2023 | Revised: 02.06.2023 | Accepted: 26.06.2023
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