Quantitative changes in indoxyl sulfate in chronic kidney disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2022.2.13074Keywords:
indoxyl sulfate, chronic kidney disease, oxidative statusAbstract
Summary. The accumulation of uremic toxins is characteristic of patients with chronic kidney disease. One such toxin is indoxyl sulfate. It, accumulating in the body, causes impaired renal function, loss of endothelial integrity and alters the microbiome. This affects the course of the disease and the occurrence of concomitant complications. Indoxyl sulfate induces an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, endothelial cell proliferation is inhibited, mitotic division is limited, uremic toxins accumulate and the intensity of oxidative stress increases. Because it binds strongly to albumin, it cannot be completely eliminated even with dialysis.
The aim of еру study – to detect a quantity of indoxyl sulfate at different stages of chronic kidney disease, as well as its relationship with proteins, which are indicators of changes in oxidative status along with classical clinical markers.
Materials and Methods. The biological material of conditionally healthy donors and patients with chronic kidney disease was studied by biochemical methods, and the results were statistically processed by the criteria of Kolmogovor-Smirnov, Tukey`s range test and calculated the strength and direction of the relationship under Spearman.
Results. According to our research, indoxyl sulfate is intensively formed in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. Also, its content is more than ten times higher than the control value in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. In addition, its content correlates with creatinine, the content of malonic dialdehyde and SH-groups. A strong positive correlation between these indicators indicates the intensification of the pathological process and its direction in all patients, from the first to the last stage of chronic kidney disease.
Conclusions. Indoxyl sulfate can be used as a sensitive and selective marker in the initiation of chronic kidney disease, as it reflects the course of the disease and has a strong relationship between other components of oxidative status and such a classic clinical marker as creatinine.
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