Statistical analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 effect on the gestation and childbirth course
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2022.1.12981Keywords:
pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2-coronavirus, pregnancy and childbirth complications, premature childbirth, low birth-weightAbstract
Summary. Pregnancy is known to increase the risk of obstetric and neonatal sequelae in many viral complications. COVID-19, according to the WHO, is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coronavirus disease in 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome, has spread rapidly around the world and has become a pandemic. Today, data on the impact of this disease on pregnancy and the development of possible complications for the fetus are being actively studied.
The aim of the study – to learn the effect of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women on the subsequent gestation and childbirth course; to conduct a comparative analysis of the incidence of these complications with the overall average for the Perinatal Center "MUNICIPAL NON-PROFIT ENTERPRISE "TERNOPIL MUNICIPAL CITY HOSPITAL No. 2".
Materials and Methods. The archived medical records including pregnancy and childbirth record form No. 096/o were analyzed in 33 parturient women, who labored in the Perinatal Center "MUNICIPAL NON-PROFIT ENTERPRISE "TERNOPIL MUNICIPAL CITY HOSPITAL No.2" in 2021–2022 and had SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus during this pregnancy. The incidence of pregnancy and childbirth complications in this group was analyzed in comparison with the overall average for this maternity hospital in 2021. The overall average for the Perinatal Center "MUNICIPAL NON-PROFIT ENTERPRISE "TERNOPIL MUNICIPAL CITY HOSPITAL No.2" for 2021 was calculated for 2218 childbirths that took place during this period.
Results. The results showed that there was an increase in the incidence of pregnancy and childbirth complications in parturient women who had SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus during pregnancy compared with the average group. Thus, in the study group of women after coronavirus disease, the incidence of pregnancy complications was (compared to the average): placental dysfunction – 75.7 % (33.6 %), gestational toxicosis development – 51.5 % (24.3 %), abnormal amniotic fluid volume – 27.2 % (18.5 %), urinary tract infections – 15.1 % (8.8 %). The incidence of childbirth complications in the group of women who had SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus also increased significantly. Thus, in this group of women the number of physiological childbirths was 45 % (with an average of 51 %), the number of cesarean sections was 36.3 % (with an average of 25.2 %), dystocia and abnormal labors occurred in 18 % of women (with an average of 4.4 %), vacuum extraction was used in 6 % of women (with 2.2 % in the average group). The number of premature babies (15 %) and low birth-weight babies (21.2 %) increased among newborns in the group of women who had SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
Conclusions. As a result of the analysis it was found that parturient women after SARS-CoV-2 had a significantly higher incidence of pregnancy and childbirth complications compared with the average. Timely prevention and diagnosis of complications after SARS-CoV-2 allows to treat effectively and perform on time delivery in this group of women and has positive consequences for both women and newborns.
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