DIETARY NUTRITION IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2020.3.11529Keywords:
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, treatment, dietAbstract
Summary. Today, the issue of treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) remains unresolved. According to the literature, the normalization of impaired intestinal function may have an effective impact on the autoimmune process in the thyroid gland. In this regard, important significance is attached to dietary nutrition. However, the expediency of prescribing dietary nutrition to patients with HT and the requirements for it to ensure the physiological functioning of the thyroid gland and intestines is not clearly substantiated.
The aim of the study – to analyze and systematize the literature data on dietary nutrition in the complex treatment of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Materials and Methods. The study uses publications of the world scientific literature on HT, in particular the causes and mechanisms of development, treatment, complications and its consequences.
Results. The review draws attention to the pathogenetic justification of dietary nutrition, requirements for it and analyzes the proposed diets.
Conclusions. The analyzed data of the literature give grounds to believe that a properly balanced diet, which provides the body with all the necessary nutrients, has a positive effect on the course of HT and the well-being of patients.
References
Duntas LH. Environmental factors and thyroid autoimmunity. Ann Endocrinol 2011;72(2): 108-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.019
Jabrocka-Hybel A, Skalniak A, Piątkowski J. How much of the predisposition to Hashimoto's thyroiditis can be explained based on previously reported associations? J Endocrinol Invest. 2018;41(12): 1409-16. DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0910-4.;
Durbas M. Dieta i suplementacja w chorobie Hashimoto. Available from: https://www.mp.pl/pacjent/dieta/diety/. diety_w_chorobach/194575,dieta-i-suplementacja-w-chorobie-hashimoto.
Shidlovskyi VO, Shidlovskyi OV, Sheremet MI. Surgical treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis – pros and cons from the perspective of clinical results. Letters in Applied NanoBioScience Platinum Open Access Journal. 2020;9(3): 1208-16. DOI: 10.33263/LIANBS93.12081216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33263/LIANBS93.12081216
Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid. 2014;24: 1670-751. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2014.0028
Abbott RD, Sadowski A, Alt AG. Efficacy of the autoimmune protocol diet as part of a multi-disciplinary, supported lifestyle intervention for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Cureus. 11(4): e4556. DOI 10.7759/cureus.4556.
Zakrzewska E, Zegan M, Michota-Kotulska E. Zalecenia dietetyczne w niedoczynności tarczycy przy współwystępowaniu choroby Hashimoto. Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna 2015;2: 117-27.
Ihnatowicz P, Drywień M, Wątor P, Wojsiat J. The importance of nutritional factors and dietary management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2020;27(2): 184-93. DOI: 10.26444/aaem/112331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/112331
Puszkarz I, Guty E, Stefaniak I, Bonarek A. Role of food and nutrition in pathogenesis and prevention of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(7): 394-401. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1320419.
Sarah W. Dietary Intervention for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Auto-immune Protocol. CAP501: Graduate Capstone American College of Healthcare Sciences. Access mode : https://achs.edu/resource/theses-and-capstone-projects/woody.pdf.
Ballantyne S. The Paleo Approach: Reverse autoimmune disease and heal your body, Victory Belt Publishing, USA. Paperback. January 28, 2014.
Bliddal S, Nielsen CH, Feldt-Rasmussen U. Recent advances in understanding autoimmune thyroid disease: the tallest tree in the forest of polyautoimmunity. F1000Res 6: 1776, 2017. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11535.1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11535.1
Noone Y. Why can't anyone tell you exactly 'why' you have autoimmune thyroiditis? Available from: https://www.sbs.com/au/food/article/2018/05/03/why-cant-anyone-tell-you-exactly-why-you-have-autoimmune-thyroiditis.
Samuchiwal SK. Autoimmune disease: backfiring of an otherwise unerring defence. MOJ Immunol. 2017;6(6): 251-2.
Amy Myers MD. The Autoimmune Solution. New York: Harper Collins Publications. Theoretical Biology; 2015.
Colucci P, Yue CS, Ducharme M, Benvenga S. A review of the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Eur Endocrinol. 2013;9(1): 40-7. DOI: 10.17925/EE.2013.09.01.40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2013.09.01.40
Soon TK, Ting PW. Thyroid diseases and diet control. J Nutr Disorders Ther. 2018;8(1): 2-5. DOI: 10.4172/2161-0509.1000224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0509.1000224
Motohashi N, Vadapalli J, Vanam A, Gollapudi R. The impact of nutrition on Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients: An overview. J Clin Nutr Metab. 2018;2(2): 2-6.
Zubarik R, Ganguly E, Nathan M. Celiac disease detection in hypothyroid patients requiring elevated thyroid supplementation: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Intern Med. 2015;27: 825-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.09.011
Ruchała M, Gurgul E, Bączyk M, Gembicki M, Pietz L, Uruski P, Sowiński J. Functional and morphological changes of thyroid glan in 14-18 years of aged children in Western Poland at the transition period from iodine deficienty to iodine sufficienty. Nowiny Lekarskie. 2009;78(2): 95-8.
Fiore E, Latrofa F, Vitti P. Iodine, thyroid autoimmunity and cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2015;4(1): 26-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000371741
Duntas LH. The role of selenium in thyroid autoimmunity and cancer. Thyroid. 2006;16(5): 455-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2006.16.455
Eskes SA, Endert E, Fliers E. Selenite supplementation in euthyroid subjects with thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014;80(3): 444-51. DOI: 10.1111/cen.12284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12284
Socha K, Dziemianowicz M, Omeljaniuk WJ, Soroczyńska J, Borawska MH. Nawyki żywieniowe a stężenie selenu w surowicy u pacjentów z chorobą Hashimoto. Probl Hig Epidemiol. 2012;93(4): 824-7.
Zagrodzki P, Kryczyk J. Znaczenie selenu w leczeniu choroby Hashimoto. Postępy Hig Med Dośw (online). 2014;68: 1129-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1120989
Naliwajko SK, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Sawicka E, Bartosiuk E, Omeljaniuk WJ, Borowska MH. Składniki mineralne w diecie pacjentek z chorobą Hashimoto. Bromat Chem Toksykol. 2011;44(3): 544-9.
Mazokopakis EE, Kotsiris DA. Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis and vitamin D de ciency. Current aspects. Hell J Nucl Med. 2014;17(1): 37-40.
Łącka K, Maciejewski A. Udział witaminy D w etiopatogenezie autoimmunologicznego zapalenia tarczycy. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski. 2013;34: 281-5.
Dankers W, Colin E, van Hamburg J, Lubberts E. Vitamin D in autoimmunity: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Front Immunol. 2016;7: 697. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00697
Prietl B, Treiber G, Pieber TR, Amrein K. Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients. 2013;5(7): 2502-21. DOI.10.3390/nu5072502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5072502
Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Valle HBD eds. Washington (DC): National Academic Press (US); 2011.
Heaney RP. The case for improving vitamin D status. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007;103(3-5): 635-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.006
Sworczak K, Wisniewski P. The role of vitamins in the prevention and treatment f thyroid disorders. Endokrynol Pol. 2011;62(4): 340-4.
Kawicka A, Regulska-Ilow B. Metabolic disorders and nutritional status in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej. 2015;69: 80-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1136383
Wanat M. Diety alternatywne w Hashimoto. Available from: https://mamhashi.pl/dieta-w-niedoczynnosci-tarczycy/diety-alternatywne-w-hashimoto/.
Zhong Y, Cai D, Cai W, Geng S, Chen L, Han T. Protective effect of galactooligosaccharide-supplemented enteral nutrition on intestinal barrier function in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(5): 575-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.04.026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2009.04.026
Serino M, Luche E, Chabo C, Amar J, Burcelin R. Intestinal microflora and metabolic diseases. Diabetes Metab. 2009;35(4): 262-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2009.03.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2009.03.003
Freedman M. Definitive guide – hov to heal your Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Available from: https://www.premierformulas.com/how-to-heal-your-hashimotos-thyroiditis/ posted on Aug 22th, 2018.
de Oliveira GLV, Leite AZ, Higuchi BS, Gonzaga MI, Mariano VS. Intestinal dysbiosis and probiotic applications in autoimmune diseases. Immunol. 2017;152(1): 1-12. DOI: 10.1111/imm.12765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12765
Anderson RC, Cookson AL, McNabb WC, Kelly WJ, Roy NC. Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 2648 is a potential probiotic that enhances intestinal barrier function. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2010;309(2): 184-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02038.x
Sinesi A, Fanuli M, Viganò L, Casu C. Probiotics in dentistry. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. 2018;8(5): 3621-3.
Fasano A. Leaky gut and autoimmune diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012;42(1): 71-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-011-8291-x
Lee B, Bak Y. Irritable bowel syndrome, gut microbiota and probiotics. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;17(3): 252-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2011.17.3.252
Stier H, Stephan C. Bischoff. Influence of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745on the gut-associated immune system. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2016;9: 269-79. DOI: 10.2147/CEG.S111003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S111003
Gille D, Schmid A, Walther B, Vergères G. Fermented food and non-communicable chronic diseases: A review. Nutrients. 2018;10(4): 448. DOI: 10.3390/nu10040448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040448
Lewis JD, Abreu MT. Diet as a trigger or therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases. Available from: https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/diet-as-a-trigger-or-therapy-for-inflammatory-bowel-diseases.
Zelman KM. Crunch! Chew your way to healthier eating. Available from:: https://www.webmd.com/diet/obesity/features/crunch-chew-your-way-to-healthier-eating.
Jabri B, Kasarda DD, Green PH. Innate and adaptive immunity: the yin and yang of celiac disease. Immunol Rev. 2005;206: 219-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00294.x
Baron-Faust R, Buyon J. The autoimmune connection. New York: McGraw Hill Professional; 2003.
Toni M Antalis, Terez Shea-Donohue, Stefanie N Vogel, Cynthia Sears, Alessio Fasano. Mechanisms of disease: Protease functions in intestinal mucosal pathobiology. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;4(7): 393-402. DOI: 10.1038/ncpgasthep0846 PMCID: PMC3049113. PMID: 17607295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpgasthep0846
Viswanath D. Understanding autoimmune disease – A review. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2013;6(6): 8-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-0660815
Liontiris MI, Mazokopakis EE. A concise review of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and the importance of iodine, selenium, vitamin D and gluten on the autoimmunity and dietary management of HT patients. Points that need more investigation. Hell J Nucl Med. 2017;20(1): 51-6. DOI: 10.1967/s002449910507.
Lundin KE, Wijmenga C. Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease- genetic overlap and screening. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(9): 507-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.136
Valentino R, Savastano S, Maglio M. Markers of potential coeliac disease in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;146(4): 479-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1460479
Lebda MA, Sadek KM, El-Sayed YS. Aspartame and soft drink-mediated neurotoxicity in rats: Implication of oxidative stress, apoptotic signaling pathways, electrolytes and hormonal levels. Metab Brain Dis. 2017;32(5): 1639-47. DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0052-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0052-y
Ulitsky A, Ananthakrishnan AN, Naik A, Skaros S, Zadvornova Y, Binion DG, Issa M. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Association with disease activity and quality of life. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011;35(3): 308-16. DOI: 10.1177/0148607110381267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607110381267
Warden RA, Noltorp RS, Francis JL, Dunkley PR, O'Loughlin EV. Vitamin A deficiency exacerbates methotrexate-induced jejunal injury in rats. J Nutr. 1997;127(5): 770-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.5.770
Perricone C, De Carolis C, Perricone R. Glutathione: A key player in autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2009;8(8): 697-701. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.02.020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2009.02.020
Wu JH, Batist G. Glutathione and glutathione analogues; Therapeutic potentials. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). 2013;1830(5): 3350-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.016
Aslıyüce S, Bereli N, Topçu A, Ramteke PW, Denizli A. Indian saffron – turmeric (curcuma longa) embedded supermacroporous cryogel discs for heavy metal removal. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. 2019; 9(5): 4356-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC095.356361
Watson K. The positive and negative health effects of turmeric. Accessed at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318405/ on July 12th, 2017.
Gliszczyńska-Świgło A, Rybicka I. Niedobory składników odżywczych w diecie bezglutenowej. Probl Hig Epidemiol. 2019;97(3): 183-6.
Michota-Kotulska E, Zakrzewska E, Zegan M. Zalecenia dietetyczne w niedoczynności tarczycy przy współwystępowaniu choroby Hashimoto. Bromat Chem Toksykol. 2015;XLVIII(2): 117-27.
Anton SD, Barnett TE, Hida A. Effects of popular diets without specific calorie targets on weight loss outcomes: Systematic review of findings from clinical trials. Nutrients. 2017;9(8): 822. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080822
Chandrasekaran A, Diamant C, Grandhe S. Efficacy of the autoimmune protocol diet for inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017; 23(11): 2054-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000001221
Krysiak R, Okopień B, Szkróbka W. The effect of gluten-free diet on thyroid autoimmunity in drug-naïve women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A pilot study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;127(7): 417-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0653-7108
Bednarczuk T, Bierła J, Gajewska D. Zasadność stosowania diety bezglutenowej w chorobie Hashimoto: stanowisko Grupy Ekspertów Sekcji Dietetyki Medycznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Żywienia Pozajelitowego, Dojelitowego i Metabolizmu (POLSPEN). Postępy Żywienia Klinicznego. 2018;14(47): 33-47.
Asik M, Gunes F, Binnetoglu E. Decrease in TSH levels after lactose restriction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients with lactose intolerance. Endocrine. 2014;46(2): 279-84. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0065-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-013-0065-1
Wojtas N, Wadolowska L, Bandurska-Stankiewicz E. Evaluation of Qualitative Dietary Protocol (Diet4Hashi) Application in Dietary Counseling in Hashimoto Thyroiditis: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(23): 4841. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234841. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234841
American Thyroid Association Low Iodine Diet. Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Available from: https://www.thyroid.org/low-iodine-diet/.
American Dietetic Association Iodine, a Critically Important Nutrient and 7 Cancer Prevention Tips for Your Diet. Accessed on June 15th, 2019.
Szostak-Węgierek D, Bednarczuk T, Respondek W et al. Zasadność stosowania diety bezglutenowej w chorobie Hashimoto: Stanowisko Grupy Ekspertów Sekcji Dietetyki Medycznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Żywienia Pozajelitowego go, Dojelitowego i Metabolizmu. Postępy Żywienia Klinicznego. 2018;14(47): 33-47.
Janczy A, Małgorzewicz S. Skuteczność diety redukcyjnej u pacjentek z choroba Hashimoto. Forum Zaburzeń Metabolicznych. 2015;6(3): 112-7.
Pietrych A, Filip R. Wpływ diety redukcyjnej na masę ciała u osób z nadwagą i otyłością. Probl Hig Epidemiol. 2011;92(3): 577-9.
Lapine P. Is Autoimmune Paleo the best diet for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis? Available from: https://feedmephoebe.com/autoimmune-paleo-diet-hashimotos/ on Aug 27th, 2018.
Kresser C. The Paleo cure. Available from: https.//my.chriskresser.com/books/tpc//
