ACTIVITY OF INFLAMMATORY AND CYTOLYTIC PROCESSES IN RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES IN THE DYNAMICS OF TOBACCO SMOKE

Abstract

Summary. Analysis of a large number of works in recent decades on the effects of smoking on the body of a healthy person, shows that there is no organ or system in the body on which smoking would not have a harmful effect. Smoking is an aggressive risk factor for the occurrence and progression of groups of diseases, including lung cancer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, osteoporosis and some others. However, until recently, there was a small amount of experimental work in the literature to study the effects of tobacco smoke on the body in terms of age, including oxidative and inflammatory processes, permeability of cell membranes and endogenous intoxication, which would help find new reasonable ways to correct.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of tobacco smoke on the development of inflammation and permeability of cell membranes in rats of different ages in tobacco intoxication.

Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on white male rats kept on the standard diet of the TSMU vivarium. Rats were divided into three age groups: immature, mature and senile. The model of dependence on the chronic effects of tobacco smoke was created using a sealed chamber. Tobacco smoke, formed from the burning of 6 Prima Silver (blue) cigarettes containing 0.6 mg of nicotine and 8 mg of tar, was fed into the chamber through openings. After 15, 30 and 45 days from the beginning of the defeat of the animals with tobacco smoke, they were removed from the experiment. In serum and tissue levels of C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity were determined.

Results. In rats of different ages, an increase in serum C-reactive protein was observed during 45 days of tobacco smoke poisoning. The most sensitive to the action of the toxicant were senile rats, in which this indicator progressively increased and by the end of the experiment exceeded the level of the control group by 1.4 times. In addition, in animals of all ages (immature, mature and senile) there was an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and its decrease in the liver, which confirms the development of cholestasis and membrane-destructive processes in the liver of toxic animals. The latter indicates an increase in the activity in the serum of the membrane-dependent enzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase throughout the experiment. By the end of the study, it had increased 1.9-fold in immature rats, 1.35-fold in mature rats, and 1.6-fold in senile rats. The most pronounced changes in cell membrane permeability were observed in immature animals.

Conclusions. In senile rats, inflammatory processes progressed most markedly, as evidenced by the most pronounced increase in serum C-reactive protein. In immature rats, a progressive increase in the activity of membrane-dependent enzymes (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase) in the serum after tobacco smoke poisoning, which by the end of the experiment significantly exceeded the level of rats of adult and senile age. This suggests that immature rats are more sensitive to exposure to tobacco smoke.