THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN THE PREVENTION OF ALIMENTARY OBESITY: FROM RECOMMENDATIONS TO PRACTICAL APPLICATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2020.2.11378Keywords:
alimentary obesity, prevention, nurseAbstract
Summary. The interest of scientists and health professionals in alimentary obesity as a serious health threat is growing every year. Today, overweight occurs in more than 30 % of the population, so obesity is seen as a global epidemic that has affected various segments of the population.
The aim of the study – to analyze scientific data on the prevention of alimentary obesity and the role of the nurse in this process.
Materials and Methods. Recommendations for weight management of the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the Society of Obesity, the Endocrine Society, the European Society of Endocrinology were analyzed and our own algorithm was proposed.
Results. A systematic review of the literature on the role of nurses in the prevention of chronic diseases in the United Kingdom, the United States, Finland, the Netherlands and New Zealand shows the effectiveness of measures aimed at adjusting the lifestyle of such patients. The nurses measured weight, controlled blood pressure and cholesterol, and promoted healthy eating habits and exercise. In the UK, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries, nurses provide advice on healthy living to control weight. In the United States, the activities of nurses to optimize body weight are still not clearly defined, so they work on their own initiative. It is noted that nurses are more accessible to communicate with patients than doctors. In Ukraine, research is being conducted on the role of nurses in optimizing the body weight of obese people, but in practice the proposed algorithms are not implemented.
Conclusions. Although nurses have limited time and resources, regular support for overweight and obese patients improves weight loss outcomes. Prevention of alimentary obesity should include the usual measures: clear motivation, lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) and maintenance of weight loss. At the same time, the nurse must provide the necessary care for the patient at each of these stages.
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