ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF SKELETAL MUSCLES OF THE HIND LIMBS OF RATS WITH ACUTE ISCHEMIA CAUSED BY ARTERIAL TOURNIQUET APPLICATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2020.2.11267Keywords:
acute ischemia, reperfusion, skeletal muscles, electron microscopy, arterial tourniquetAbstract
Summary. Arterial tourniquets are widely used in clinical practice for angio- and arthroplasty, and by the injury of the limbs their using is often occurring according to vital indications. Restoring the blood supply to the limb after the removal of the tourniquet can cause ischemic-reperfusion lesions of both the primary ischemic tissues and distant tissues and organs. However, the ultrastructural changes of soft tissues at the local level by the ischemia-reperfusion are in need of deeper study today.
The aim of the study – to establish the ultrastructural changes of skeletal muscles of the hind limbs of the rats with acute ischemia and subsequent reperfusion caused by the arterial tourniquet application.
Materials and Methods. The electron microscopic examination of the skeletal muscles of the hind limbs of 12 rats under experimental acute ischemia and subsequent reperfusion was performed. Acute ischemia was caused by application of SWAT rubber bands on the hind limbs of animals, 5–6 mm width, at the inguinal fold level within 2 hours under thiopental anesthesia, and reperfusion was modeled by removing the tourniquet. The examination of muscle tissue samples was carried out at the Department of Histology and Embryology I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University by using an electron microscope PEM-125K.
Results and Discussion. Electron microscopy of the skeletal muscles of the hind limbs of rats revealed an edema of the sarcoplasm of the myosymplast, hypertrophy and edema of mitochondria, their uneven placement with accumulation under the sarcolemma, the damage of their outer membrane, a partial defragmentation and destruction of the mitochondrial cristae, an autolysis of some mitochondria, defibering of myofilaments of the myofibrils. Changes in the shape, size and spatial orientation of Z-disks were observed, sarcomeres were not always clearly visualized, there were the signs of dilation of the tubules of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Groups of phagosomes were observed around the nuclei of myofibrils, the nuclei of the myosymplast had an irregular shape, were osmophilic and picnotically altered. Ultrastructural changes were observed already within two hours after the removal of the tourniquet and were most pronounced after one day after the removal of the tourniquet. In the late reperfusion period, there was a reverse development of pathological changes.
Conclusions. The ultrastructural disorders of lesioned by ischemia-reperfusion muscular tissue of the hind limbs reached maximal expression in rats one day after the removal of the tourniquet, what confirms the development in experimental animals of the ischemic-reperfusion syndrome. In the later reperfusion period, there was a reverse development of pathological changes.
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