INFLUENCE OF LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM ON STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE EYE IN PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT SEXES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2024.i2.14762Keywords:
retinopathy, eyes, diabetes, metabolic disorders, atherosclerosis, genderAbstract
Introduction. In recent years, the incidence of metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes, the pathogenesis of which lies in metabolic disorders, has been sharply increasing. Diabetic microangiopathy is one of the major complications of diabetes, including nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathy.
The aim of the study – to analyze the characteristics of changes in the indicators of carbohydrate and lipid profiles of blood in patients of different sexes with type 2 diabetes.
Research Methods. Patients with type 2 diabetes, 40 women and 40 men, were included in the examination, the average age was 45-55 years. All examined patients had different degrees of diabetes compensation and disease duration. The research used data on blood lipid and carbohydrate spectrum indicators (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin). The study of indicators of the blood lipid spectrum was carried out on biochemical analyzers – Roche: Cobas e411, Cobas 6000 (Germany), Integra 400 plus, Steellex M200. Retinal damage was assessed by reverse (indirect) ophthalmoscopy using a “TOPCON SL-3C” slit lamp and a “VOLK” Super Field NC ophthalmoscopy lens.
Results and Discussion. Laboratory parameters that reflect the state of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients who had severe manifestations of diabetic retinopathy were significantly higher than in patients who had initial manifestations of retinopathy. Mean glucose levels in men and women with various stages of diabetic retinopathy were significantly higher than normal blood glucose values. When evaluating the average level of high-density lipoproteins, it was found that in men with severe stage diabetic nonproliferative retinopathy (DNR), the values were significantly higher. With DNR, the average level of low-density lipoproteins was significantly higher in men and women. Cholesterol was also significantly higher in men and women. Higher levels of triglycerides were observed in men with DNR of a moderate and severe stage, and in women with DNR of a severe stage. Glycated hemoglobin in men and women at all stages was significantly higher.
Conclusions. Violation of lipid metabolism in diabetes is characterized by the development of highly atherogenic combined dyslipidemia with increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin are significantly increased in patients with various stages of retinopathies.
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