DYNAMICS OF ANTIOXIDANT-PROOXIDANT BALANCE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ACUTE BLOOD LOSS COMPLICATED BY ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION OF THE LIMB, AND ITS CORRECTION WITH CARBACETAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2021.i2.12248Keywords:
small intestine, acute blood loss, limb ischemia-reperfusion, antioxidant-prooxidant balance, carbacetamAbstract
Introduction. The spread of terrorism and local armed conflicts has led to an increase in the frequency of gunshot injuries with massive external bleeding from the extremities. Timely application of a hemostatic tourniquet for up to two hours is considered the only way to save life. However, the effect of acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb on the antioxidant-prooxidant balance of the small intestine has not been adequately studied. There is no data on the effectiveness under these conditions of carbacetam, which exhibits antioxidant effects.
The aim of the study – to elucidate the effect of acute blood loss, complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, on the antioxidant-prooxidant balance of the small intestine wall and the effectiveness of correction of the revealed disorders with carbacetam.
Research Methods. The experiments were carried out on 108 nonlinear male rats weighing 200–220 g. All animals were divided into five groups: control and four research groups. In thiopental sodium anesthesia in the first experimental group, limb ischemia-reperfusion was simulated, in the second – acute blood loss, in the third – these injuries were combined. In the fourth experimental group of animals with acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, carbacetam was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal weight. After 1 and 2 h, as well as after 1, 7 and 14 days in the homogenate of the small intestine, the content of reagents in thiobarbituric acid, the activity of catalase were determined, and the antioxidant-prooxidant index (API) was calculated.
Results and Discussion. Modeling only limb ischemia-reperfusion led to an increase in the value of API in the small intestine with a maximum after 1 day of the experiment, which indicates the dominance of antioxidant mechanisms in response to a set of systemic disorders that occur in the body during the reperfusion period. Under the influence of acute blood loss, the API value in the small intestine during 1 and 2 h of the experiment increased compensatory compared with the control, but then it sharply decreased and was significantly less than the control up to 14 days. The combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion and acute blood loss resulted in a decrease in the small intestine API value already after 1 hour of the experiment. During the entire observation period, the indicator in this study group was significantly lower than in the groups in which limb ischemia-reperfusion and acute blood loss were separately modeled. The introduction of carbacetam neutralized the prooxidant effect of the studied lesion on the tissue of the small intestine within 7–14 days of use.
Conclusions. Modeling of ischemia-reperfusion of a limb against the background of acute blood loss is accompanied by a decrease in the value of API in the small intestine already from 1 hour of the experiment and during the entire observation period is significantly less than in other experimental groups. The use of carbacetam for 7–14 days of the reperfusion period promotes an increase in the value of API in the small intestine, which indicates the antioxidant effect of the drug under conditions of the modeled pathology.
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