Comparative evaluation of the efficiency of osteoplastic materials in the reparative regeneration of an experimental punch defect of the femoral bone
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2414-4533.2026.3.16665Keywords:
reparative osteogenesis, bone defect, osteoplastic materials, demineralized bone matrix, collagen, RANKL, OPG, sclerostin, bone remodeling markersAbstract
The aim of the work: to establish and compare the effectiveness of a non-collagen xenogeneic bone material, a collagen-coated xenogeneic bone material, and demineralized bone matrix in stimulating reparative osteogenesis in a rat femoral perforated bone defect model, based on a comprehensive histomorphological, radiological, and biochemical assessment.
Materials and Methods. A standard 3-mm perforated femoral defect was created in rats under thiopental-sodium anesthesia. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n=10 per group per time point): 1 – uncorrected defect (control); 2 – xenogeneic material without collagen; 3 – xenogeneic material with collagen; 4 – demineralized bone matrix (DBM). Animals were euthanized on days 5, 14, 30, and 60. Light microscopy, radiography, and ELISA determination of 8 serum bone remodeling markers (CTX-I, TRAP-5b, P1NP, BALP, osteocalcin, RANKL, OPG, sclerostin) were performed. Statistical analysis (Student's t-test, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis) was carried out in STATISTICA 10.0.
Results. All investigated materials were shown to pass through a single sequence of remodeling phases (acute resorptive → transitional anabolic → stabilization), differing only in the rate and amplitude of progression. DBM provided the earliest and most stable morphological maturation of the regenerate at all time points (day-5 CTX-I reduced to (0.442±0.03) ng/mL vs (0.724±0.05) ng/mL in controls, t=4.84; p<0.001); the collagen-containing material demonstrated the most dynamic osteogenic effect in the medium term (days 14–30); the collagen-free material showed consistent but slower remodeling completed by day 60. PCA demonstrated that 89.1% of total variance in the 8 markers was explained by two principal components reflecting a single resorption–formation axis; multiple regression confirmed the leading predictive role of the RANKL/OPG axis for resorption (R²=0.795) and formation markers (R²=0.698).
Conclusions. The effectiveness of stimulating reparative osteogenesis in the studied model increases in the sequence: uncorrected defect < material without collagen < material with collagen < demineralized bone matrix. These findings support a differentiated approach to selecting an osteoplastic material depending on the expected timeframe of defect consolidation.
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