IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF CD20 EXPRESSION IN RAT KIDNEYS 1 HOUR AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF LEIURUS MACROCTENUS SCORPION VENOM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2414-4533.2025.4.15823Keywords:
venom, scorpions, kidneys, inflammation, ratsAbstract
The aim of the work: to assess the degree of CD20 expression in the kidneys of rats 1 hour after the administration of the venom of the scorpion Leiurus macroctenus.
Materials and Methods. The study used 10 white male laboratory rats weighing 200 g (±10 g). The venom of scorpions from the Buthidae family, specifically the genus Leiurus and the species Leiurus macroctenus, was administered to rats intramuscularly (0.5 ml of a previously dissolved venom solution in saline; 28.8 μg/ml; LD50 = 0.08 mg/kg). To identify the subpopulation of CD20 cells in kidney tissue, rabbit recombinant primary antibody Anti-CD20 (ab64088, Abcam, USA) was used.
Results. In the kidney parenchyma of control rats, the CD20 precipitate was not detected. Immunohistochemical staining is negative in all morphological structures, particularly in the renal corpuscles, nephron tubules, and interstitium. After 1 hour of the experiment, following the administration of scorpion Leiurus macroctenus venom, immunohistochemical studies of the kidney revealed single CD20 cells, which are rarely found, scattered mainly in the peritubular interstitium without a tendency to group.
Conclusions. One hour after the administration of Leiurus macroctenus venom to rats, a low level of CD20 expression was observed in the kidney tissue of animals with single B lymphocytes in the peritubular interstitium, indicating an early stage of the humoral response.
References
Chen N, Xu S, Zhang Y, Wang F. Animal protein toxins: origins and therapeutic applications. Biophys Rep. 2018; 4(5):233-42. DOI: 10.1007/s41048-018-0067-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41048-018-0067-x
Avalo Z, Barrera MC, Agudelo-Delgado M, Tobón GJ, Cañas CA. Biological Effects of Animal Venoms on the Human Immune System. Toxins (Basel). 2022; 14(5):344. DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050344
Abd El-Aziz FEA, El Shehaby DM, Elghazally SA, Hetta HF. Toxicological and epidemiological studies of scorpion sting cases and morphological characterization of scorpions (Leiurusquin questriatus and Androctonus crassicauda) in Luxor, Egypt. Toxicol Rep. 2019; 6:329-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.03.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.03.004
Almaaytah A, Albalas Q. Scorpion venom peptides with no disulfide bridges: a review. Peptides. 2014; 51:35-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.021
Bahloul M, Regaieg K, Chabchoub I, Kammoun M, Chtara K, Bouaziz M. Severe scorpion envenomation: pathophysiology and the role of inflammation in multiple organ failure. Med Sante Trop. 2017; 27(2):214-21. DOI: 10.1684/mst.2017.0688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1684/mst.2017.0688
Özkan Ö, Filazi A. The determination of acute lethal dose-50 (LD50) levels of venom in mice, obtained by different methods from scorpions, Androctonus crassicauda (Oliver 1807). Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2004; 28(1):50-3.
Dobrelya NV, Boytsova LV, Danova IV. Pravova baza dlya provedennya etychnoyi ekspertyzy doklinichnykh doslidzhenʹ likarsʹkykh zasobiv z vykorystannyam laboratornykh tvaryn [Legal basis for conducting ethical expertise of preclinical studies of medicinal products using laboratory animals]. Farmakolohiya ta likarsʹka toksykolohiya. 2015; 2:95-100. Ukrainian.
Bahriy MM, Dibrova VA, Popadynetsʹ OH, Hryshchu, MI. Metodyky morfolohichnykh doslidzhenʹ [Methods of morphological research]. Vinnytsya. Nova Knyha. 2016; 328. Ukrainian.
Horalʹsʹkyy LP, Khomych VT, Kononsʹkyy OI. Osnovy histolohichnoyi tekhniky i morfofunktsionalʹni metody doslidzhenʹ u normi ta pry patolohiyi [Fundamentals of histological techniques and morphofunctional research methods in normal and pathological conditions]. Zhytomyr. Polissya. 2011; 286. Ukrainian.
Pober JS, Merola J, Liu R, Manes TD. Antigen Presentation by Vascular Cells. Front Immunol. 2017; 8:1907. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01907. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01907
Al-Soudi A, Kaaij MH, Tas SW. Endothelial cells: From innocent bystanders to active participants in immune responses. Autoimmun Rev. 2017; 16(9):951-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.07.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2017.07.008
Reglero-Real N, Colom B, Bodkin JV, Nourshargh S. Endothelial Cell Junctional Adhesion Molecules: Role and Regulation of Expression in Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016; 36(10):2048-57. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307610
Dalal PJ, Muller WA, Sullivan DP. Endothelial Cell Calcium Signaling during Barrier Function and Inflammation. Am J Pathol. 2020; 190(3):535-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.11.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.11.004
de Andrade CM, Rey FM, Cintra ACO, Sampaio SV, Torqueti MR. Effects of crotoxin, a neurotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, on human endothelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019; 134:613-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.019
Khemili D, Laraba-Djebari F, Hammoudi-Triki D. Involvement of Toll-like Receptor 4 in Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Tissue Damage Induced by Scorpion Venom. Inflammation. 2020; 43(1):155-67. DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01105-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-019-01105-y
Zoccal KF, Bitencourt Cda S, Paula-Silva FW, et al. TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 recognize venom-associated molecular patterns from Tityus serrulatus to induce macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators. PLoS One. 2014; 9(2):e88174. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088174
Leiguez E, Giannotti KC, Moreira V, et al. Critical role of TLR2 and MyD88 for functional response of macrophages to a group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 from snake venom. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e93741. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093741. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093741
Moreira V, Teixeira C, Borges da Silva H, D'Império Lima MR, Dos-Santos MC. The role of TLR2 in the acute inflammatory response induced by Bothrops atrox snake venom. Toxicon. 2016; 118:121-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.042
Zoccal KF, Ferreira GZ, Prado MKB, Gardinassi LG, Sampaio SV, Faccioli LH. LTB4 and PGE2 modulate the release of MIP-1α and IL-1β by cells stimulated with Bothrops snake venoms. Toxicon. 2018; 150:289-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.066
Palm NW, Medzhitov R. Role of the inflammasome in defense against venoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013; 110(5):1809-14. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221476110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1221476110
Zoccal KF, Sorgi CA, Hori JI. Opposing roles of LTB4 and PGE2 in regulating the inflammasome-dependent scorpion venom-induced mortality. Nat Commun. 2016; 7:10760. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10760. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10760
Thangam EB, Jemima EA, Singh H, et al. The Role of Histamine and Histamine Receptors in Mast Cell-Mediated Allergy and Inflammation: The Hunt for New Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol. 2018; 9:1873. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01873. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01873
Niedoszytko M, Bonadonna P, Oude Elberink JN, Golden DB. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Hymenoptera venom allergy in mastocytosis patients. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2014; 34(2):365-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.02.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2014.02.004
Galli SJ, Starkl P, Marichal T, Tsai M. Mast cells and IgE in defense against venoms: Possible "good side" of allergy? Allergol Int. 2016; 65(1):3-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.09.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2015.09.002
Kovacova-Hanuskova E, Buday T, Gavliakova S, Plevkova J. Histamine, histamine intoxication and intolerance. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015; 43(5):498-506. DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.05.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2015.05.001
Krystel-Whittemore M, Dileepan KN, Wood JG. Mast Cell: A Multi-Functional Master Cell. Front Immunol. 2016; 6:620. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00620
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Р. М. МАТКІВСЬКА
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their work in Hospital Surgery. Journal by L. Ya. Kovalchuk agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
