SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT IN Ginkgo Biloba DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS ACCORDING TO THE SPHU METHODS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2312-0967.2026.3.16518Keywords:
Ginkgo biloba, dietary supplements, flavonoids, hyperoside, spectrophotometry, pharmacopoeial methods, green analytical chemistry, AGREE, MoGAPIAbstract
The aim of the work. To determine the total flavonoid content in Ginkgo biloba dietary supplements by spectrophotometry according o the SPhU methods.
Materials and Methods. The study objects were Ginkgo biloba dietary supplements from various manufacturers. The total flavonoid content was quantified using two pharmacopoeia methods recommended for the analysis of herbal medicinal raw materials, specifically those for hawthorn (Crataegus) and St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum). Spectrophotometric determination was performed, and the flavonoid content was calculated as hyperoside equivalents. The chosen methods allow a reliable evaluation of the content of biologically active compounds in the analyzed samples.
Results and Discussion. Significant differences in the total flavonoid content were found among the analyzed Ginkgo biloba dietary supplements. The highest flavonoid content was determined for sample No. 1, and the lowest for sample No. 2. The obtained results were consistent between the two applied methods and were confirmed by spectrophotometric analysis. It has been shown that the method with aluminum chloride using provides higher values of the total flavonoid content, particularly flavones, flavonols, and the corresponding aglycones which formed in the preliminary hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides. In contrast, the method with the boric-oxalic acid reagent using is more selective and mainly determines flavonol compounds. The greenness assessment demonstrated that both methods have an acceptable level of greenness; however, the method with the boric‑oxalic acid reagent is more environmentally appropriate due to its mild analytical conditions and lower energy consumption. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of selecting the method depending on the research objectives.
Conclusions. It has been established that the analized dietary supplements of Ginkgo biloba significantly differ in their flavonoid content. The method with aluminum chloride using enables the determination of a broader range of flavonoid compounds and yields higher values of their total content, whereas the method with the boric-oxalic acid reagent using is characterized by greater selectivity and better environmental friendliness, which determines the appropriateness of their application depending on the purpose of the analysis.
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