Tactics of professional communication between paramedics and patients at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder

Abstract

Introduction. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most significant consequences of traumatic experiences. It may develop after situations involving a real or potential threat to life. This condition is characterized by re-experiencing the traumatic event, emotional and cognitive changes, increased tension, irritability, sleep disturbances, and hypervigilance. In the context of war, mass traumatic events, and a high level of societal stress, the problem of early identification of individuals at risk and appropriate communication with them at the prehospital stage becomes especially relevant. A paramedic is often the first professional to come into contact with the affected person; therefore, the quality of professional interaction influences not only the effectiveness of medical interventions but also the patient’s initial psychological stabilization.

The aim of the study – to systematize the tactics of professional communication used by paramedics when interacting with patients at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder. Particular attention is focused on the principles of trauma-informed care, psychological first aid, and de-escalation, which may be applied both in practical work and in the educational training of paramedics.

The main part. This work is of a review and analytical nature. It summarizes current approaches to the early support of individuals affected by potentially traumatic events and examines the role of communication in the structure of prehospital care. Traditionally, the work of a paramedic in emergency situations is focused on saving lives: controlling critical bleeding, immobilization, shock prevention, airway support, and rapid transportation. At the same time, in real-life emergency calls, it is equally important to take acute stress reactions into account. A trauma-informed approach complements clinical actions with the principles of safety, predictability, respect, and partnership. This includes calm communication, clear explanation of each procedure, obtaining consent, preserving privacy, providing the patient with minimal but real choice, as well as responding appropriately to fear, distrust, disorientation, or aggression.

Conclusions. Professional communication between paramedics and patients at risk of developing PTSD is an important component of high-quality prehospital care. Alongside urgent clinical interventions, it performs a stabilizing function, improves patient cooperation during examination and procedures, reduces the likelihood of repeated psychological traumatization, and contributes to a more patient-centered approach to care. The integration of standardized communication algorithms into paramedic practice and training is a reasonable direction for improving the emergency medical care system.