ASSESSMENT OF ORAL-HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE (OHRQOL) IN PATIENTS WITH OPEN BITE DURING PERMANENT DENTITION

Abstract

Malocclusions affect dental, psychological, and general somatic health. Studying the impact of complex orthodontic pathology (open bite) on oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) helps to determine the patient’s needs and motivation for treatment.
The aim of the study – to study the impact of open bite during permanent dentition on oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), taking into account age group and gender.
Materials and methods. The oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) index was studied in 53 patients with open bite aged 12–44 years
(12–17 years (children, adolescents) and 18–44 (adults, young people). The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to analyze OHRQoL. Statistical data processing was carried out in the program “EZR” (R-statistic, R-4.4.2., v. 1.68). The mean value and standard deviation “M ± SD” of the main indicators were determined. When comparing two samples, the Student’s test and the T-Wilcoxon test were used. Differences were considered statistically significant at error risk values p < 0.05.
Research results and their discussion. The overall level of OHRQoL of the subjects was – 19.55 ± 2.83 points, which is assessed as “average”. Among adults, the indicators of the domains “Physical pain” (p = 0.011), “Physical Disability” (p = 0.012) and complaints of “Discomfort during chewing” (p = 0.005), “Dissatisfaction with the food” (p = 0.031) and “Difficulty with relaxation” (p = 0.038) were significantly higher than the similar indicators in children and adolescents.
The OHRQoL indicator of men (17.9 ± 2.56 points, high level) was significantly different from the OHRQoL of women (21.2 ± 2 points, average level). (p < 0.001) Among women, the values of the domains “Physical pain” (p < 0.001), “Psychological discomfort” (p = 0.002), “Psychological Disability” (p < 0.001) and the parameters “Difficulty with words pronunciation” (p = 0.010), “Pain in the mouth” (p = 0.043), “Discomfort during chewing” (p = 0.005), “Feeling of anxiety/worry” (p = 0.043), “Feeling of tension” (p = 0.022), “Embarrassing because of problems with the oral cavity” (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in women, while in men – a significantly higher level of “Dissatisfaction with the food” (p = 0.029).
Conclusions. The influence of open bite in the period of permanent dentition on the indicator of oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was studied, taking into account age group and gender. Leading domains and complaints were identified that significantly affect the OHRQoL indicator in both age and gender aspects.