CRANIOMETRIC FEATURES OF MASTICATORY PRESSURE IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL OCCLUSION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2026.2.16432Keywords:
masticatory pressure, masticatory efficiency, teeth, jaws, craniotype, skull shape, physiological occlusion, young adultsAbstract
Craniometric and functional characteristics of masticatory pressure remain insufficiently studied in contemporary dental practice, despite growing recognition of constitutional factors.
Aim. To establish the features of masticatory pressure on different teeth in young adult females and males with physiological occlusion belonging to brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic craniotypes.
Materials and Methods. 118 females and 104 males with one of the physiological occlusion variants underwent standardized craniometric examination according to the Martin-Saller protocol, which allowed their division into three groups: brachycephalics (34 males and 46 females), mesocephalics (37 males and 39 females), and dolichocephalics (33 males and 33 females). Quantitative assessment of masticatory pressure was performed using Fuji Prescale MS tensosensitive film technology, which recorded maximum bite forces on all functional dental units bilaterally. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 5.5 software package with the Mann-Whitney U-test.
Results. Males and females with different craniotypes demonstrated statistically significant differences in masticatory efficiency values. Individuals with mesocephalic skull shape had the highest masticatory pressure with significant differences between comparison groups, specifically on all incisors in both males and females; on the right canine in males; on the left canine in both males and females; on the right first and second premolars in males; on the right second molar in males; on the left first molar in males. The tendency toward higher masticatory pressure in mesocephalic males was maintained on all molar teeth. In most cases, no significant differences were found between dolichocephalic and mesocephalic individuals. In females, no craniometric differences in masticatory pressure were found on molar teeth across either dental arch half; in males, this applied to the right first molar, left premolars, and left second molar. Thus, craniometric features of masticatory pressure are more pronounced on anterior teeth.
Conclusions. Mesocephalic females and males demonstrated the highest masticatory pressure on both right and left incisors. The lowest incisor to dolichocephalics and brachycephalics. Brachycephalic males and females showed the lowest masticatory pressure on canines. No significant craniometric differences were found in masticatory efficiency on left first and second premolars in both sexes, and on right premolars in females. No significant craniometric differences in first and second molar efficiency were identified in females of all craniotypes on either side of the dental arch; in males, this was observed only for the right first and left second molars.
pressure was recorded in dolichocephalic females and brachycephalic males. In mesocephalic males, masticatory pressure on the right first premolar was significantly higher than in brachycephalics and dolichocephalics; on the right second premolar compared to brachycephalics; on the left first molar compared to brachycephalics; and on the right second molar compared
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