EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN GUM MICROVESSELS DURING METABOLIC CORRECTION OF ACIDOTIC PERIODONTITIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2026.2.16425Keywords:
periodontitis, animal model, metabolic regulation, microvessels, endothelial cellsAbstract
Despite the significant achievements of modern clinical medicine and the latest biotechnological developments, the problem of restoring and preserving the structural and functional integrity of periodontal tissues remains relevant. Some methods related to experimental periodontitis have been published, but the mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction, as well as the morphological features of possible disruption and reconstruction of periodontal tissues at the cellular level, remain unclear.
The aim of the study was to investigate ultramicroscopic changes in the microvessels of the gums in cases of inflammatory-dystrophic lesions in an acidotic model of periodontitis in rats, in order to identify the mechanisms underlying impaired vascular function and structural recovery following metabolic regulation.
Materials and Methods. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from 16 rats after treatment with saline (negative control) and 64 male white Sprague-Dawley rats with acid-induced periodontitis: 16 animals – after placebo treatment (positive control), 48 (three experimental groups) – after metabolic correction. The samples were fixed in a 1.5% osmium tetroxide solution and examined (magnification 4000–6000) using a JEM-100 CX II transmission electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Japan) equipped with a built-in AMT digital camera.
Results and Discussion. At the final stage of the experiment, the severity of gingival inflammation in the experimental groups was significantly lower than in the positive controls the severity of gingival inflammation during visual examination was accompanied by a significant decrease in vascular permeability, enhanced microvesiculation in endothelial cells with preserved mitochondrial cristae, and thickened basement membranes. Taken together, the data from this study provide additional insight into some of the mechanisms involved in the function of the gingival endothelium and its response to proacidotic stimulation — at the induction stage and after metabolic regulation — at the completion stage of the experiment.
Conclusions. The results of our studies indicate the key role of stabilizing the membranes of rat gingival vascular cells as a result of regulating protein and lipid metabolism in restoring the integrity of endothelial and perivascular cells.
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