Lyme arthritis: current approaches to diagnosis and treatment in Ukraine

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2026.3.16760

Keywords:

Borrelia, Lyme borreliosis, Lyme arthritis, synovitis, diagnosis, serology, immunoblot, polymerase chain reaction, antibacterial therapy

Abstract

Lyme borreliosis is a common naturally occurring, vector-borne disease, and Lyme arthritis is one of its characteristic late articular manifestations. Diagnosis of this form may be challenging because of the wide interval between infection and the onset of arthritis, the need to differentiate it from other causes of monoarthritis or oligoarthritis, and the prolonged persistence of specific antibodies after resolution of the infection.

Objective. To summarize current evidence on the clinical manifestations, timing of onset, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme arthritis and to determine the specific features of applying current approaches in Ukraine.

Current scientific publications, international clinical guidelines, and Ukrainian regulatory, clinical, and epidemiological materials were analyzed.

Lyme arthritis most commonly presents as asymmetric monoarthritis or oligoarthritis of large joints, predominantly the knees, with pronounced synovitis and joint effusion. Unlike early arthralgia, true arthritis usually develops several months after infection, although the interval may vary considerably. The cornerstone of laboratory diagnosis is serological testing for specific IgG antibodies. Positive serology alone does not prove active infection, as antibodies may persist for a prolonged period. PCR testing of synovial fluid may provide additional diagnostic information in seropositive patients when greater diagnostic certainty is required, but it is not recommended as a primary screening method. Treatment consists of a 28-day course of oral antibiotics; intravenous ceftriaxone may be considered in patients with an inadequate response. Persistence of synovitis after adequate antibacterial therapy does not necessarily indicate ongoing active infection and may represent post-antibiotic Lyme arthritis.

Conclusions. The diagnosis of Lyme arthritis should be based on a combination of the characteristic clinical phenotype, epidemiological context, and appropriate interpretation of serological test results. In Ukraine, an important priority remains the accumulation of standardized clinical data and the implementation of unified approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme arthritis.

Author Biographies

  • Andrii Protsyk, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University

    PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology

  • Oleksandra Pryshliak, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University

    Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology

  • Oleksandr Boichuk, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University

    PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology

  • Taras Kobryn, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University

    PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology

  • Ruslan Miziuk, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University

    PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology

  • Zoriana Tylishchak, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University

    PhD, Assistant, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology

References

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Published

2026-09-30

Issue

Section

Reviews and lectures

How to Cite

Lyme arthritis: current approaches to diagnosis and treatment in Ukraine. (2026). Infectious Diseases – Infektsiyni Khvoroby, 3, 45-50. https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2026.3.16760