MICRIBIOME IN HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2018.3.9407Keywords:
microbiome, symbiosis, biotope, probiotic, metagenome, metabolites, microbiomicsAbstract
Basic facts concerning human microbiome. Long-term coevolution of the human organism and microbe community has led to the formation of an additional anatomical structure in the human body that was named microbiome. This unique microbe structure has a complex organ organization that functions in mutual consent with all other human organs and systems.
Localization of microbiome in the human body. All biotopes of the human body (oral cavity, hair, nose, ears, urogenital system, skin, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and bronchopulmonary system) have their own unique and specific microbe complex that consists of specialized microbes with various functions. Besides, all these local microbiomes are in continuous interactions with each other and with macroorganism making the united superorganism system.
Microbiome functional activity. Microbiome takes active part in realization of a wide spectrum of vitally important physiological processes, including energetic homeostasis and metabolism, synthesis of vitamins and other significant nutrients, endocrine signaling, preventing pathogen colonization, regulation of immune function, metabolism of xenobiotics, toxins, carcinogens and other harmful substances. Most these functions are closely connected and tightly implicated with human physiology.
Changes of microbiome during ontogenesis. Microbiome formation begins long before childbirth and continues 2–3 years after it. In the course of the organism maturation and aging, microbiome changes appreciably. Microbiome improvement at all stages of human life is of the utmost importance for improving health of all age group population.
Microbiome damages in etiology of human diseases. Numerous investigations showed that microbiome changes are associated with a large spectrum of gastrointestinal and systemic diseases, including inflammatory intestinal diseases, asthma, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular pathology, autoimmune, neurobehavioral and many other diseases.
Modern approaches to microbiome improvement. To date, many different methods of therapeutic influence on microbiome have been proposed: changing diet, applying probiotics, prebiotics or their complexes (synbiotics), using functional foodstuffs, carrying out fecal transplantation etc. The authors propose universal approaches to prophylaxes of microbiome disturbances and its reversal in people of different age categories; its efficiency has been convincingly demonstrated in clinics.
References
Yankovskiy, D.S., Shyrobokov, V.P., & Dyment, G.S. (2018). Microbiom [Microbiome]. Kyiv: FOP “Veres O.I.” [in Russian].
Shreiner, A.B., Kao, J.Y., Young, V.B. (2015). The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol., 31, 69-75.
Lederberg, J., & McCray, A.T. (2001). ‘Ome sweet ‘omics – A genealogical treasury of words. Scientist, 15 (7), 8.
Underwood, M.A. (2014). Intestinal dysbiosis: Novel mechanisms by which gut microbes trigger and prevent disease. Prev. Med., 65, 133-137.
Shyrobokov, V.P., Yankovskiy, D.S., & Dyment, G.S. (2014). Mikroby v biogeokhimicheskikh protsessakh, evolyutsii biosfery i sushchestvovanii chelovechestva [Microbes in biogeochemical processes, evolution of biosphere and human life]. Кyiv: FOP “Veres O.I.” [in Russian].
Yankovskiy D.S., & Dyment G.S. (2008). Mikroflora i zdorovye cheloveka [Microflora and human health]. Кyiv: “Chervona Ruta-Turs” [in Russian].
Barko, P.C., McMichael, M.A., Swanson, K.S., & Williams, D.A. (2018). The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 32 (1), 9-25.
Yankovskiy, D.S., Shyrobokov, V.P., & Dyment, G.S. (2011). Integralnaya rol simbioticheskoy mikroflory v fiziologii cheloveka [Integrated role of symbiotic microflora in human physiology]. Kyiv: “Chervona Ruta-Turs” [in Russian].
Cavalcante-Silva, L.H.A., Galvão, J.G.F.M., da Silva, J.S. de F., de Sales-Neto, J.M., Rodrigues-Mascarenhas, S.Obesity-Driven. (2015). Gut microbiota inflammatory pathways to metabolic syndrome. Frontiers in Physiology, 6, 341: doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00341.
Ahmed, I., Roy, B.C., Khan, S.A., Septer, S., & Umar, S. (2016). Microbiome, metabolome and inflammatory bowel disease. Microorganisms, 4 (2), 20. http: // doi: 10.3390/microorganisms4020020.
Barr, J.J., Auro, R., Furlan, M., Whiteson, K.L., Erb, M.L., Pogliano, J., Stotland, A., et al. (2013). Bacteriophage adhering to mucus provide a non-host-derived immunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 110 (26), 234-236.
Yankovskiy, D.S., Shyrobokov, V.P., Moyseyenko, R.A., Krivopustov, S.P., & Dyment, G.S. (2013). Novoye pokoleniye enterosorbentov i kompleksnykh probiotikov dlya ozdorovleniya mikrobnoy ekologii cheloveka [New generation of enterosorbents and complex probiotics for improvement of human microbe ecology]. Sovremennaya pediatriya – Modern Pediatrics, 6 (54), 1-9 [in Russian].
Yankovskiy, D.S., Antipkin, Yu.G., Dyment, G.S., Znamenskaya, T.K., Shunko, E.E., & Davydova, Yu.V. (2015). Mikrobnaya ekologiya novorozhdennykh: osobennosti formirovaniya microbioma i profilaktika eho narusheniy [Microbe ecology of newborns: formation of microbiome and prophylaxis of its disturbances]. Neonatolohiia, khirurhiia ta perynatalna medytsyna – Neonatology, Surgery and Perinatal Medicine, 5 (2), 93-105 [in Russian].
Dominguez-Bello, M.G., De Jesus-Laboy, K.M., Shen, N., Cox, L.M., Amir, A., Gonzalez, A., Bokulich, N.A. et al. (2016). Partial restoration of the microbiota of cesarean-born infants via vaginal microbial transfer. Nat. Med., 22, 250-253.
Whiteman, H. Placenta ‘not a sterile environment’, study suggests. (2014). Medical News Today. http://www.bodyecology.com/.../what-pregnant-women-ne.
Yankovskiy, D.S., Shyrobokov, V.P., Antipkin, Yu.G., Tatarchuk, T.F., & Dyment, G.S. (2015). Mikrobiom i zdorovye zhenshchiny [Microbiome and health of women]. Reproduktivnaya endokrinologiya – Reproductive Endocrinology, 4 (24), 40-55 [in Russian].
Arrieta, M.C., Stiemsma, L.T., Amenyogbe, N., Brown, E.M., Finlay, B. (2014). The intestinal microbiome in early life: Health and disease. Front. Immunol., 5, 427. https: // doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00427. eCollection 2014.
Yang, I., Corwin, E.J., Brennan, P.A., Jordan, S., Murphy, J.R., & Dunlop, A. (2016). The infant microbiome: Implications for infant health and neurocognitive development. Nurs. Res., 65, 76-88.
Lemas, D.J., Young, B.E., Baker, P.R., Tomczik, A.C., Soderborg, T.K., Hernandez, T.L., de la Houssaye et al. (2016). Alterations in human milk leptin and insulin are associated with early changes in the infant intestinal microbiome. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 103, 1291-1300.
Mueller, N.T., Bakacs, E., Combellick, J., Grigoryan, Z., Dominguez-Bello, & M.G. (2015). The infant microbiome development: Mom matters. Trends Mol. Med., 21, 109-117.
Ianiro, G. Tilg, H., & Gasbarrini, A. (2016). Antibiotics as deep modulators of gut microbiota: Between good and evil. Gut, 65, 1906-1915.
Gallo, A., Passaro, G., Gasbarrini, A., Landolfi, R., & Montalto, M. (2016). Modulation of microbiota as treatment for intestinal inflammatory disorders: An uptodate. World J. Gastroenterol., 22, 7186-7202.
Yankovskiy, D.S., Shyrobokov, V.P., Volosovets, A.P., Moyseyenko, R.A., & Dyment, G.S. (2013). Microbiom cheloveka i sovremennye metody eho ozdorovleniya [Human microbiome and modern approaches to its improvement]. Zhurnal natsionalnoy akademii nauk Ukrainy – Journal of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4, 411-420 [in Russian].
Zhou, L., Foster, J.A. (2015). Psychobiotics and the gut-brain axis: in the pursuit of happiness. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat., 11, 715-723.
Martinez-Guryn, K., Hubert, N., Frazier, K., Urlass, S., Musch, M.W., Ojeda, P., Pierre, J.F. (2018). Small intestine microbiota regulate host digestive and absorptive adaptive responses to dietary lipids. Cell Host & Microbe, 23 (4), 458. – Retrieved from: http: // doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.03.011.
Yankovskiy, D.S., Shyrobokov, V.P., Dyment, G.S., Moyseyenko, R.A., Martynyuk, V.Yu., Shunko, E.E., & Berezhnoy, V.V. (2014). Microekologicheskie aspekty zabolevaniy tsentralnoy nervnoy sistemy u detey [Microecological aspects of central nervous system afflictions in children]. Sotsialna pediatriia ta reabitalohiia – Social Pediatrics and Rehabilitation, 1 (7), 70-76 [in Russian].
Goodrich, J.K., Davenport, E.R., Beaumont, M., Jackson, M.A., Knight, R., Ober, C., Spector et al. (2016). Genetic determinants of the gut microbiome in UK twins. Cell Host Microbe, 19, 731-743.
Choi, H.H., & Cho, Y.S. (2016). Fecal microbiota transplantation: Current applications, effectiveness, and future perspectives. Clin. Endosc., 49, 257-265.
Shyrobokov, V.P., Yankovskiy, D.S., & Dyment, G.S. (2010). Novye strategii v oblasti sozdaniya i klinicheskogo ispolzovaniya probiotikov [New strategies in the field of developing and clinical application of probiotics]. Visnyk farmakolohii ta farmatsii – Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 2, 18-30 [in Russian].
Shyrobokov, V.P., Yankovskiy, D.S., & Dyment, G.S. (2015). Sozdanie ozdorovitelnykh sredstv novogo pokoleniya na osnove smektita [Creating a new generation of health-improving means based on smectite]. Vrachebnoe delo – Doctor’s Business, 1/2, 3-9 [in Russian].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Автори, які публікуються у цьому журналі, погоджуються з наступними умовами:
- Автори залишають за собою право на авторство своєї роботи та передають журналу право першої публікації цієї роботи, яка через [ВКАЖІТЬ ПЕРІОД ЧАСУ] з дати публікації автоматично стає доступною на умовах ліцензії Creative Commons Attribution License, котра дозволяє іншим особам вільно розповсюджувати опубліковану роботу з обов'язковим посиланням на авторів оригінальної роботи та першу публікацію роботи у цьому журналі.
- Автори мають право укладати самостійні додаткові угоди щодо неексклюзивного розповсюдження роботи у тому вигляді, в якому вона була опублікована цим журналом (наприклад, розміщувати роботу в електронному сховищі установи або публікувати у складі монографії), за умови збереження посилання на першу публікацію роботи у цьому журналі.
Політика журналу дозволяє і заохочує розміщення авторами в мережі Інтернет (наприклад, у сховищах установ або на особистих веб-сайтах) рукопису роботи, як до подання цього рукопису до редакції, так і під час його редакційного опрацювання, оскільки це сприяє виникненню продуктивної наукової дискусії та позитивно позначається на оперативності та динаміці цитування опублікованої роботи (див. The Effect of Open Access).
