Personalized Vaccine Prevention of Infectious Complications Caused by Acinetobacter Baumannii
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2026.2.16501Keywords:
Acinetobacter baumannii, vaccines, photodynamic bacterial inactivation, vaccine toxigenicity, vaccine protective efficacyAbstract
SUMMARY. The effectiveness of treatment and prevention of purulent-inflammatory diseases that arise as complications of wounds, burns, surgical interventions, resuscitation procedures, and other conditions remains a pressing issue in modern medicine. Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria occupy a special place among the causative agents of such infections.
Currently, Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains the most significant etiological factor of purulent-inflammatory diseases; however, over the past decade, the role of Acinetobacter baumannii has increased dramatically, transforming from a rare opportunistic microorganism into a dominant nosocomial pathogen.
A promising approach to the treatment and prevention of infections is the personalization of immunization through the development of autovaccines. Scientific studies have demonstrated their ability to induce specific immunity directed against pathogens isolated from a particular patient. For the prevention of infections among high-risk groups, including healthcare personnel, hospitalized military personnel prior to elective surgical interventions, and patients requiring prolonged hospitalization, vaccines based on currently circulating pathogenic strains, conventionally referred to as “hospital vaccines,” may be particularly promising.
Objective. To evaluate the prospects of a photodynamic method for the inactivation of candidate strains of Acinetobacter baumannii for the development of autologous and combined vaccines.
Materials and Methods. The proposed method is based on the use of endogenous photosensitizers (riboflavin and menadione sodium bisulfite [Vikasol]) followed by irradiation of the bacterial suspension with ultraviolet light and a photopolymerization lamp. The study was conducted using three series of vaccine samples prepared from nosocomial strains of A. baumannii isolated in a military hospital.
Results. Initial experimental studies of the three Acinetobacter-based vaccines confirmed complete inactivation of the candidate strains, absence of toxigenic properties, and inability of bacterial DNA to undergo reversion. To assess the protective efficacy of the obtained vaccines, laboratory mice were challenged with homologous parent strains of A. baumannii. By the end of the 14-day observation period, 85.0 % of animals survived in the experimental group (n = 60), whereas in the control group the survival rate did not exceed 27.0 %, demonstrating a statistically significant difference (p<0.01).
Conclusions. The applied photodynamic method of bacterial culture inactivation provides reliable guarantees of safety and is equally suitable for producing vaccine preparations from various clinical pathogenic strains. Vaccines developed using this technology exhibit substantial protective properties.
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