Antimicrobial Resistance Control: an Integrated Five-Dimensional Model for the Ukrainian Healthcare System

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2026.2.16500

Keywords:

antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, gut microbiome, AWaRe, targeted protein degradation, PROTAC, Ukraine, health system resilience

Abstract

SUMMARY. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes 1.14 million deaths annually. Ukraine’s Ministry of Health monitoring (2025) confirmed a critical gap between policy and practice: Watch antibiotics are prescribed in 29 % of primary care encounters (target <5 %), Reserve antibiotics in 17.8 % of inpatient cases, and bacteriological testing before antibiotic initiation occurs in only 33 % of hospitalised patients.

Objective. To develop an integrated five-dimensional AMR control model with evidence-based recommendations for conflict-affected health systems, focusing on Ukraine.

Methods. Systematic review (PubMed/Scopus/Nature Medicine, 2024–2026; n=21); WHO/Quadripartite AMR reports and Ukraine MoH 2025 monitoring data analysis; synthesis of prior work.

Results. Global AMR governance improved (30.7 to 44.5/100), but NAP effects emerge only after 5 years. AMS programmes are clinically and economically effective, yet Ukrainian data expose a systemic prescribing gap. Targeted protein degradation (TPD/PROTACs) is identified as a transformative novel strategy capable of bypassing established resistance mechanisms. A three-stage proactive algorithm (Anticipation–Adaptation–Recovery) with quantitative success indicators is proposed.

Conclusions. Five-dimensional integration is a necessary condition for the UN target of reducing AMR mortality by 10 % by 2030.

Author Biography

  • Roman Grytsko, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University

    MD (Infectiology), DSc (Public Administration), Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases

References

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Published

2026-05-29

Issue

Section

Editorial

How to Cite

Antimicrobial Resistance Control: an Integrated Five-Dimensional Model for the Ukrainian Healthcare System. (2026). Infectious Diseases – Infektsiyni Khvoroby, 2, 4-10. https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2026.2.16500