Application of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents Against Hepatitis B in the Etiotropic Therapy Of Hepatitis Delta

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2026.2.16506

Keywords:

hepatitis B, hepatitis D, direct-acting antivirals, pegylated interferon, bulevirtide, entecavir, tenofovir alafenamide, co-infection

Abstract

SUMMARY. The management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infection remains challenging due to fundamental differences in viral replication mechanisms and limited efficacy of current antiviral therapies.

Objective. To evaluate the role of direct-acting antivirals against HBV in the etiological treatment of HDV and to define optimal therapeutic strategies for HBV/HDV co-infection.

Materials and Methods. A comprehensive analytical review of current literature, including EASL and AASLD guidelines, was performed focusing on mechanisms of action of nucleos(t)ide analogues, interferons, and novel anti-HDV agents.

Results. Direct-acting antivirals used in HBV treatment (entecavir, tenofovir alafenamide, adefovir) effectively suppress HBV DNA replication but have no impact on HDV replication due to its RNA-based life cycle.

Pegylated interferons remain the only therapeutic component active against both viruses. The most effective current regimen for HDV includes pegylated interferon combined with bulevirtide, while HBV therapy should be administered concurrently when indicated (active HBV replication, cirrhosis).

The most rational therapeutic combinations include: entecavir + peg-IFN + bulevirtide or tenofovir alafenamide + peg-IFN + bulevirtide.

Conclusions

  1. HBV direct-acting antivirals have no cross-efficacy against HDV.
  2. Treatment of HBV/HDV co-infection requires parallel but pathogen-specific therapy.
  3. Pegylated interferon represents the key integrative component of combined antiviral regimens.
  4. Future research should focus on developing unified antiviral strategies and novel therapeutic agents.

Author Biography

  • Anatoliy Bondarenko, Kryvyi Rih National University

    DSc (Medicine), Head of the Department of Ecology

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Published

2026-05-29

Issue

Section

Discussion and releable

How to Cite

Application of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents Against Hepatitis B in the Etiotropic Therapy Of Hepatitis Delta. (2026). Infectious Diseases – Infektsiyni Khvoroby, 2, 63-72. https://doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2026.2.16506