ПОРІВНЯЛЬНЕ ВИВЧЕННЯ АМІНОКИСЛОТНОГО СКЛАДУ СУХИХ ПОРОШКІВ БІОМАСИ FLAMMULINA VELUTIPES, ЯКІ ОТРИМАНІ МЕТОДАМИ ПОВЕРХНЕВОГО ТА ГЛИБИННОГО КУЛЬТИВУВАННЯ

Анотація

Summary:  qualitative composition and quantitative content of 17 amino acids, including 7 essential were defined in Flammulina velutipes medicinal mushroom’s biomass dry powders. Biomass powders were received in static conditions and by submerged culture.

Key words: biomass, Flammulina velutipes, cultivation in static conditions, submerged culture, aminoacids, liquid chromatography.

Introduction. The medicinal mushroom Flammulina (F.) velutipes is widely used in non-traditional and officinal Eastern medicine as immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral agent [5; 6].

Polysaccharide content of F. velutipes biomass was identified in previous studies [7]. Continuing work on the study of bioactive substances of medicinal mushroom we conducted determination of biomass dry powders amino acid composition.

Amino acids are widely used in medicine for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, for the prevention of atherosclerosis, to increase immunity and to inhibit tumor development, etc. [1 - 4].

Thus, the purpose of this work was to determine and compare amino acids qualitative composition and quantitative content in F. velutipes biomass dry powders.

Materials and methods

The objects of our study were two types of medicinal mushroom F. velutipes biomass dry powders. They were obtained by two methods of microbiological synthesis – cultivation in static conditions and by submerged culture.

Water suspension with waste of CO₂-extraction – Amaranthus flour (60 g/l) as a submerged culture medium for F. velutipes biomass production was explored. Mycelia were grown in 500 ml of microbial mattress at 26 ±1°C and pH value 6,0.  Biomass was dried in a vacuum freeze dryer Cryodos-500 (Terrasa,Spain).

Amino acid composition was studied on an automatic amino acid analyzer T-339 («Mikrotechna», Prague, Czech Republic) by ion-exchange liquid chromatography at the laboratory of the Palladin Institute of biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Results and discussion

17 amino acids, including 7 essential (valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine), 2 conditionally essential (arginine and histidine) and 8 replaceable amino acids (alanine, aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, tyrosine, cystine) were identified in F. velutipes biomass dry powders. Biomass dry powders obtained by different methods of microbiological synthesis (cultivation in static conditions and by  submerged culture) do not differ in amino acids qualitative composition.

However, the biomass dry powder of medicinal mushroom that was obtained in static conditions contains 1.41 times more amino acids (essential to 1.27 times more; replaceable – 1.46 times more).

Conclusions

1. Using ion-exchange liquid chromatography in F. velutipes biomass dry powders were identified 17 amino acids, including 7 essential, 2 conditionally essential and 8 replaceable ones. Biomass dry powders were obtained by cultivation in static conditions and by submerged culture. The dominant of the essential amino acids in both investigated powders are leucine, of replaceable ones – glutamic and aspartic acid.

2. Cultivation of medicinal mushroom F. velutipes in static conditions allows to obtain in 1.41 times more amino acids compared to the submerged culture.