ON THE ISSUE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF HYPOXEMIA IN THE MOTHER AND THE EXPRESSION OF PROHIBITIN IN THE PLACENTA OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH COVID-19 INFECTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/24116-4944.2024.1.14752Keywords:
COVID-19, hypoxemia in a pregnant woman, placental dysfunction, prohibitin, mitochondrial dysfunctionAbstract
The aim of the study – to study the relationship between the oxygen saturation of pregnant women (SpO2) and the expression of the marker of mitochondrial/placental dysfunction prohibitin (PHB) in the placenta during COVID-19 infection.
Materials and Methods. Analysis of 58 histories of pregnancy and childbirth of women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 was carried out according to the data of the "Maternity House No. 2" of Odesa during the period from 01.11.2021 to 31.12.2022. Clinical and laboratory data on the course of pregnancy were analyzed, as well as perinatal outcomes for mother and fetus. PHB expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in 25 placentas of pregnant women with "covid" anamnesis and 20 placentas of healthy women. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Social Science Statistics online platform.
Results and Discussion. A significant percentage of women became ill in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy – 65.51%, in the 2nd trimester – 25.86%, and in the 1st – 8.62% (f=148.38358, p<0.00001). 53.4 % of women were diagnosed with bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, 6.9 % with left/right-sided pneumonia, 1.7 % with pneumonitis, and 6.9 % with hydropericardium. The SрO2 level was 95 % or more in 87.9 % of women; the SpO2 level within 90–94 % - in 2.06 %. 10.3 % of pregnant women needed oxygen support in ICU. Hyperexpression of PHB was detected in "post-covid" placentas (1.52±1.12 vs. 0.25±0.5; Uemp = 87.5, z=3.63182, p=0.00028); which was significantly associated with "covid" anamnesis (H=12.2933 (1, N=45); p=0.00045, RR=3.04, OR=9.5, 95 % CI 2.423–37.249) with a sensitivity of 79.2 % and specificity 71.4 %. A direct relationship was established between the level of SрO2 and the expression of PHB (r(23)=0.057; t=0.272; r2=0.003).
Conclusions. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is accompanied by changes in the functional state of the placenta: overexpression of PHB probably indicates the "stress" of mitochondrial respiration and placental dysfunction like reflection of hypoxemia in the mother. The limited sample size requires further research.
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