VITAMIN D LEVEL IN CHILDREN WITH THE SIGNS OF COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/24116-4944.2022.1.13255Keywords:
children, COVID-19, vitamin DAbstract
The aim of the study – to analyse vitamin D status in children with symptoms of COVID-19 and its relationship with the severity of the disease.
Materials and Methods. 73 children aged 6 to 18 were examined, among them 45 had clinical manifestations of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 28 children had no signs of COVID-19. The clinical course of the disease and laboratory indicators (C-reactive protein, ESR, D-dimer) were evaluated. According to the severity of the course of the disease, 2 groups were formed: 17 children with a mild course of COVID-19 made up the first group, 28 patients with a medium-severe and severe course of the disease – the second group. Children without any manifestations of infectious diseases (28 people) made up the control group. The 25-OH vitamin D level was determined in all children (Accu Bind ELISA Microwells). The optimal level of vitamin D was considered at 30–100 ng/ml, vitamin D insufficiency at 20–30 ng/ml, vitamin D deficiency at a concentration of less than 20 ng/ml. Statistical analysis was carried out with the help of the program "Stat Plus" ( Shapiro-Wilk tests, mean±SD in the case of correct distribution of the trait, median, upper and lower quartiles in case of incorrect distribution, Chisquare2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation coefficient were calculated.
Results and Discussion. Temperature increasing was observed in the most patients with COVID-19, subfebrile temperature was prevailed in children with a mild course, in children of the second group the temperature was higher than 38 0C. Subfebrile body temperature was noted in 88.2 % of children with a mild course of COVID-19 and in 3 .7 % of children of the second group (р<0.05, x2=32.2, statistically significant difference). At the same time, hyperthermia over 38 °C was observed in 92.6 % of patients with a moderate and severe course, while in the children of the first group – the body temperature did not rise above 38°C, (р<0.05, x2=35.4, statistically significant difference). The average duration of treatment was 1.5 times higher in the second group of children.
A decrease in the average values of vitamin D in patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group was established, and a decrease in the concentration of vitamin D in the blood serum of patients was observed against the background of increasing severity of the course of the disease. Children with COVID-19 with optimal levels of vitamin D have lower ESR, CRP, and D-dimer than children with deficiency and deficiency of this vitamin. A medium-strength negative correlation was established between the level of vitamin D and indicators of ESR, CRP and D-dimer.
Conclusions. The more severe course of COVID-19 is characterized by a longer duration and severity of the hyperthermic syndrome, a longer duration of treatment, a higher level of CRP, ESR, D-dimer and a decrease of the vitamin D level.
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