EFFECT OF RESVERATROL ON CYTOLYTIC PROCESSES IN RATS POISONING WITH SODIUM BENZOATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2026.i3.16796Keywords:
sodium benzoate; resveratrol; cytolytic processes; organ-specific enzymes; white ratsAbstract
Introduction. Today, the food industry widely uses a range of chemical additives, among which one of the most common preservatives is E211 – sodium benzoate (sodium salt of benzoic acid). The permissible daily intake for humans is < 5 mg/kg of body weight. When the permissible intake is exceeded, sodium benzoate has a toxic effect on the liver and kidneys, and provokes exacerbation of asthma symptoms. The aim of the study. To study the influence of resveratrol on the permeability of cell membranes after poisoning rats with sodium benzoate. Research Methods. The study was conducted on 42 white sexually mature non-linear male rats in compliance with all the rules of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals. The experimental rats were divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of intact rats, the rats of the second group received daily sodium benzoate at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight. The third group of rats, on the background of sodium benzoate poisoning, was intragastrically injected with resverazine (active ingredient resveratrol) at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight. The animals were euthanized under thiopental anesthesia (60 mg/kg). The rats were removed from the experiment 14, 21 and 28 days after the start of the administration of sodium benzoate and resveratrol. Cytolytic processes in rats were assessed by the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase, and erythrocyte intoxication index. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the STATISTICA 13 program. The significance of the difference between independent quantitative values was determined by the Mann–Whitney test. Results and Discussion. Poisoning of rats with sodium benzoate at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight led to a progressive increase in the activity of ALT, AST and GGTP in the blood serum throughout the experiment. The highest activity was recorded 28 days after the start of poisoning (ALT by 1.6 times, AST and GGTP by 2.4 times exceeded this indicator in intact rats). The use of resveratrol led to a decrease in the activity of these enzymes in the blood serum. In the liver of rats, a decrease in the activity of ALT, AST and GGTP was noted after poisoning with sodium benzoate. Resveratrol showed an effective effect on these indicators, increasing them in the liver, almost to the normal level. Under the influence of sodium benzoate, the permeability of erythrocyte membranes increased (by 47 % at the end of the experiment). A positive effect of resveratrol on this indicator was noted; after its application, EII gradually decreased and 28 days after the start of BN poisoning, it was 2 times lower than that in poisoned rats. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that poisoning of rats with sodium benzoate at a dose of 30 mg/kg led to changes in the permeability of the plasma membranes of hepatocytes and erythrocytes. A positive effect of resveratrol on the permeability of cytoplasmic membranes in rats poisoned with sodium benzoate was noted, as indicated by the normalization of the activity of organ-specific enzymes in both the blood serum and the liver of experimental animals, as well as a decrease in the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane. The data obtained are the basis for further studies of this antioxidant under the conditions of poisoning of rats with various toxicants.
References
1. Yadav, A., Kumar, A., Das, M., & Tripathi A. (2016). Sodium benzoate, a food preservative, affects the functional and activation status of splenocytes at non-cytotoxic dose. Food Chem Toxicol. 88, 40–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.016
2. Sharma, P., Maithani, M., Gupta, V., & Bansal P. (2020). Ayurvedic formulations containing benzoic and ascorbic acids as additives: benzene formation during storage and impact of additives on quality parameters. J Complement Integr Med., 18 (1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2020-0012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2020-0012
3. World Health Organization. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2013; 1–75.
4. Oloye, F. F. (2019). Spectroscopic investigation of the mixture of ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate. Sci J Chem. 7 (3), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20190703.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20190703.12
5. Bavykina, M. L., Vyshnevska, L. I., Osolodchenko, T. P., & Megalinsky, V. L. (2016). Research on the antimicrobial activity of preservatives for the purpose of developing a vaginal gel, Management, economics and quality assurance in pharmacy, 1, 8–13. https://doi.org/10.24959/uekj.16.3 [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24959/uekj.16.3
6. Nechay, N. R., Fira, V. D., Kachur, O. I., & Fira, L. S. (2025). Oxidative stress indices in rats poisoned with high doses of sodium benzoate. Medical and clinical chemistry, 27 (1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2025.i1.15421 [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2025.i1.15421
7. Nechay, N. R., Fira, V. D., Garlitska, N. I., & Fira, L. S. (2025). Membrane destructive processes in rats after their damage by increased doses of sodium benzoate. Achievements of clinical and experimental medicine, 2, 121–128. https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i2.15317 [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i2.15317
8. Carter, L. G., D’Orazio, J. A., & Pearson, K. J. (2014). Resveratrol and cancer: focus on in vivo evidence. Endocr Relat Cancer, 21 (3), 209–25. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0171
9. Hu, Y., Chen, D., Zheng, P., Yu, J., He, J., Mao, Xn., & Yu, B. (2019). The Bidirectional Interactions between Resveratrol and Gut Microbiota: An Insight into Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. Biomed Res Int., 5403761. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5403761 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5403761
10. Sokolova, L. K., Pushkarev, V. M., & Tronko, M. D. (2020). Effects of resveratrol in normal and various pathologies. Endocrinology, 25 (1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.31793/1680-1466.2020.25-1.76 [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31793/1680-1466.2020.25-1.76
11. Gross, D., & Tolba, R. Ethics in animal-based research (2015). Eur. Surg. Res., 55 (1–2), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1159/000377721 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000377721
12. Thomas L. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). (1998). Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. 1st ed. Frankfurt: TH‑Books Verlagsgesellschaf, 55–65.
13. Vlizlo, V. V., Fedoruk, R. S., & Ratych, I. B. (2012). Laboratory research methods in biology, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine: a reference book. Lviv: Spolom, 764. [in Ukrainian].
14. Shepanskiy, B. F. (2018). The state of endogenous intoxication under the conditions of the development of experimental bronchial asthma. Clinical and experimental pathology, 17 (1), 113–116. https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XVII.1.63.2018.21 [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XVII.1.63.2018.21
15. Eroğlu, Ö., & Yuksel, S. (2019). Statistical method selection in medical research. Soc. Sci. Stud. J., 5 (29), 364–71. doi:10.26449/sssj.1219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26449/sssj.1219
16. Ketsa, O. V., & Kapitanchuk, I. Yu. (2021). Biochemical markers of the functional state of the hepatobiliary system of rats under the influence of laser irradiation and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Animal Biology, 23 (4), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.043 [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.043
17. Nesteruk, S. O., & Klishch, I. M. (2023). Endogenous intoxication indicators in rats under conditions of chronic alcohol intoxication. Medical and clinical chemistry, 25 (1), 29–32. https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2023.i1.13713 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2023.i1.13713
18. Partsey, Kh. Yu., & Lykhatsky, P. H. (2024). The state of erythrocyte membranes and endogenous intoxication of erythrocytes under the conditions of energy drink consumption. Medical and Clinical Chemistry, 26 (1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2024.i1.14595 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2024.i1.14595
