POLYMORPHISM OF NEURAMINIDASE AND NUCLEOPROTEIN ENCODING GENES OF INFLUENZA A H1N1 AND H7N9 STRAINS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2019.v.i3.10557Keywords:
influenza virus, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, polymorphism, H1N1 strain, H7N9 strainAbstract
Introduction. Nowadays, the influenza virus is the main cause of diseases for people of all ages, annually leading to death and causing significant economic damage. The virulence and pathogenicity of this virus are largely due to the presence of neuraminidase and a nucleoprotein that provide its adhesion to the host cell and replication. Genetic monitoring is an important key element of epidemiological surveillance, which includes the early detection and identification of seasonal (circulating) influenza viruses, as well as influenza viruses of new subtypes that may cause a pandemic. The precise information including molecular genetic analysis of influenza viruses, level of collective immunity, study of susceptibility to antiviral drugs, antigenic characteristics of the virus appears to be strongly required.
The aim of the study – to determine the molecular genetic polymorphism of the neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes of the avian influenza A H1N1 and H7N9 strains and to determine its effect on the structure of coded protein domains by bioinformatics methods.
Research Methods. The nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes of the influenza A H1N1 and H7N9 strains were analyzed, as well as the domains of the studied gene product were analyzed by cluster analysis and the DELTA-BLAST program.
Results and Discussion. As a result of the accomplished study, the polymorphisms and genetic distances between the alleles of the neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes of the influenza A strains A1N1 and H7N9 alleles were calculated. The type and localization of mutations was shown. The domains of the gene products of the studied nucleotide sequences were determined. The role and effect of codons in the nucleotide sequences of the alleles of genes, which areencoding neuraminidase and nucleoprotein, on neuraminidase and nucleoprotein was shown.
Conclusions. In the result of the accomplished studies there was determined the polymorphism of the neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes. The absence of the effect of polymorphism of the nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes of influenza A H1N1 and H7N9 strains on the domain composition of the studied proteins and, thus, on the properties of the studied strains was shown.
References
Ozawa, M.Y., & Kawaoka, Y. (2013). Crosstalk between animal and human influenza viruses. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci., 1, 21-42.
Allison, A.B., Ballard, J.R., Tesh, R.B., Brown, J.D., Ruder, M.G., Keel, M.K., & Dwyerj, C. (2015). Cyclic avian mass mortality in the Northeastern United States is associated with a novel orthomyxovirus. J. Virol., 89 (2), 1389-1403.
Taubenberger, J.K., & Kash, J.C. (2010). Influenza virus evolution, host adaptation and pandemic formation. Cell Host Microbe, 7 (6), 440-451.
Staats, C.B., Webster, R.G., & Webby, R.J. (2009). Diversity of influenza viruses in swine and the emergence of a novel human pandemic influenza A (H1N1). Influenza Other. Respir. Viruses, 3 (5), 207-213.
Webby, R.J., & Webster, R.G. (2014). Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Curr. Top Microbiol. Immunol., 3 (85), 359-375. doi: 10.1007/82_2014_396.
Dukhovlinov, I., Al-Shekhadat, R., Fedorova, E., Stepanova, L., Potapchuk, M., Repko, I., Rusova, O., Orlov, A., & Kiselev, L.O. (2013). Study of immunogenicity of recombinant proteins based on hemagglutin in and neuraminidase conservative epitopes of Influenza A virus. Med. Sci. Monit. Basic Res., 19, 221-227.
Gamblin, S.J., & Skehel, J.J. (2010). Influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase membrane glycoproteins. J. Biol. Chem., 285 (37), 28403-28409.
Tada, T.K., Suzuki, Y., Sakurai, M., Kubo, H., Okada, T., & Itoh, K. (2011). Tsukamoto emergence of avian influenza viruses with enhanced transcription activity by a single amino acid substitution in the nucleoprotein during replication in chicken brains. J. Virol., 85 (19), 10354-10363.
Ping, X., Hu, W., Xiong, R., Zhang, X., Teng, Z., Ding, M., Li, L., Chang, C., & Xu K. (2018). Generation of a broadly reactive influenza H1 antigen using a consensus HA sequence. Vaccine, 36 (32 Pt B), 4837-4845. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.048.
Forrest, H.L., & Webster, R.G. (2010). Perspectives on influenza evolution and the role of research. Anim. Health Res. Rev., 11 (1), 3-18. doi: 10.1017/S1466252310000071.
Qi, X., & Lu, C. (2009). Swine influenza virus: evolution mechanism and epidemic characterization - a review. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao, 49 (9),1138-1145.
Fang, K., & Ma, S. (2017). Analyzing large datasets with bootstrap penalization. Biom J., 59 (2), 358-376. doi: 10.1002/bimj.201600052.
Tamura, K.D., & Peterson, N. (2011). Peterson MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods, (2011). Mol. Biol. Evol., 28 (10), 2731-2739.
Smith, S.M. (1981). Waterman identification of common molecular subsequences. Journal of Molecular Biology, 147, 195-197.
Sauer, A., Liang, C., & Stech, J. (2014). Characterization of the sialic acid binding activity of influenza A viruses using soluble variants of the H7 and H9 hemagglutinins PLoS One, 9 (2). e. 89529.
